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ANNUAL REPORTS 



OUST 13 1 ^KT 



EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 



/ 



\\ 



NlTlONiL LINCOLN MONCMENT ASSOCIATION 

REPORTS FOR NINE YEARS. 
FPtoivr isrs to isss, iiNrciL.xjsivE, 

CLOSING WtZn A DISSERTATION ON SUNDAY OPENINfl OF THE MONUMENT. 



Also, remarks on Sight-seeing in London; Sketches, Historical and Descriptive of 
the Methods of taking care of the Brock Monument at Queenston, Can- 
ada; the Washington Monument at Baltimore, Md.; Mount Vernon, on 
the Potomac, Virginia; Bunker Hill Monument, at Boston, 
Massachusetts; Mention of the Washington Monument, 
at the Capital of the Nation— now almost com- 
pleted; and of the proposed Garfield 
Monument at Cleveland, Ohio. 



By JOHN CAREOLL POWEB, 

CISTOPIAN OF THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONKMKNT. 



SPUING PIELU, ILL.: ^Sl'Vf r u . cu' v^^ 

H. W. ROKKER, PRINTER AND BINDER. 

1884. 






Entered aeeordiag to Act of Congress in the year 1884. by 

John Carroll Power, 

in the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington, D. C. 



Had the National Lincoln Monument Association held anniuJ 
meetings and published reports of their proceedings, as practiced 
by the Bunker Hill Monument Association, and the Mount Ver- 
non Ladies' Assosiation, there would not be any necessity for 
the publication of the reports of the Custodian in this form, be- 
cause they would have become a part of the transnctions of the 
Association. As the Association has never made any formal 
publication of its proceedings except in the History of the IMonu- 
uicnt by the Custodian, it would seem manifestly proper that 
these 're])orts should be published as an additional instalment 
of its history. 

Recogni/ing the fact that the 7jeople have a right to know how 
the funds collected at the Monument are used, the Custodian 
nas always been desirous of having his reports published annually. 
With the consent of the Executive Committee the report for 187") 
was published and paid for out of the collections at the Monu- 
ment, bufsince that time the necessity for using the income on 
the Monument and grounds has been so urgent that any further 
appropriation for publishing reports has been withheld ; therefore 
the Custodian publishes this little volume on his own account. 
The result is the same as though the Association issued the pub- 
lication, the facts are by this means accessible to the people. 



Annual Reports for. . . .■ 1875 

" 1876 

" 1877 

" ..,1878 

" 1879 

" 1880 

'' " " 1881 

" 1882 

" • 1883 



EXPLANATORY REMARKS. 



The National Lincoln Monument was dedicated October loth, 
1874, in presence of the Society of the Army of the Tennessee, 
and a concourse of citizens to the number of twenty-five thou- 
sand or more. 

At a meeting of the National Lincoln Monument Association, 
October 28, 1874, the present Custodian was placed temporarily in 
charge of the Monument, and it was formally opened on the 
twenty-ninth for the reception of visitors. At the same meeting 
a committee was appointed to determine the expediency of pro- 
viding for a permanent Custodian and to frame a set of rules and 
regulations by which he should be governed. 

At a meeting of the Association, November 9th, 1874, that com- 
mittee reported in favor of employing a Custodian, and recom- 
mended that Mr. J. C. Power be appointed to that office. The 
report was concurred in, and the following adopted as the 

RULES AND REGULATIONS : 

1. The Custodian shall have personal care of the Monument, 
and employ one or more assistants, to be approved by the Execu- 
tive Committee. Said Custodian, or an assistant, shall be in 
attendence at the Monument during the usual business hours of 
each business day, except in stormy or inclement weather. 

'2. He shall keep the ^Monument in good order, the steps clean 
and clear of snow or other obstructions. He shall keep the walks 
to and around the Monument clean, well swept and free from all 
grass ; the carriage drives through the grounds in good order, free 
from weeds and grass, and the grass plats and lawns mown at 
proper times and free from weeds. 

3. It shall be the duty of the Custodian to be courteous and 
polite to visitors, to give all proper information when requested, 
to keep a visitor's register, and to show all parts of the Monument 
except the catacomb,* to which no one shall be admitted without 
special permit from some member of the Association. 

4. To provide for the compenj^ation of the Custodian, and ex- 
pense of the care of the Monument and grounds, the Custodian 
is authorized and directed to receive from all persons, except 

♦Visitors are uow ivdmiUed to the Catacomb. 



6 

children under twelve years of age, for admittance to Memorial 
Hall and the Obelisk, or both, the sum of twenty-five cents. 
And he is further authorized to sell at the Monument any such 
books, phamphlets, pictures or other publications concerning 
Abraham Lincoln or the Monument, as may be approved of by 
the Executive Committee. 

5. The Custodian shall, on or before the fifth day of each 
month, file with the Secretary of the Association a report in writ- 
ing of all receipts for admissions or for sales during the previous 
month, and make full payment of all moneys due the Association 
by virtue of his agreement. 

6. The foregoing regulations shall be at all times subject to 
change, alteration or amendment, by the National Lincoln Monu- 
ment Association. 



The first two months were passed over without any regular 
account being kept. During that time it became apparent to the 
Custodian that neither himslf nor visitors could be comfortable 
without some provision for warming Memorial Hall. He called 
the attention of the Executive Committee to the subject, and after 
a thorough discussion of the same, the Committee ordered one of 
Ide's steam heating apparatus to be put in, which was accord- 
nigly done. To define more clearly the rights and duties of both 
parties, though to some extent a repetition, the following 

ARTICLE OF AGREEMENT 

Was entered into between J. C. Power of the first part, and the 
National Lincoln Monument Association of the second part, all 
of the city of Springfield, in the county of Sangamon, and the 
State of Illinois. 

The party of the first part hereby agrees to act as Custodian of 
the National Lincoln Monument, under direction of the National 
Lincoln Monument Association for one year, beginning January 
first, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Seventy-five. He is to 
have the supervision of the Monument, Grounds and Heating 
Apparatus, and see that all are kept in proper order. He is to 
keep a record for visitors, and give all necessary information to 
the same ; also to collect contributions in the manner prescribed 
by the Association, keep account of the receipts, and of dis- 
bursements for labor, and for any other necessary expenses 



that may be incurred ; make a montlily report of the same to the 
Executive Committee, and pay over to the Association, any and 
all moneys in excess of his salary and necessary expenses. 

The party of the second part hereby agrees to ])ay to the said 
party of the iirst part, for his services, the sum of fifty dollars per 
month, with the additional privilege of selling any publications 
or pictures concerning Abraham Lincoln and the ^lonument, that 
may be approved by the Executive Committe, and of appropriat- 
ing the proceeds of such sales to his own use. 

It is hereby mutually agreed, that if at any time it becomes 
necessary and expedient to employ one or more assistants, it shall 
be subject to future negotiations before any such assistants are 
employed. 

It is further agreed, that in no event shall the salary paid the 
Custodian exceed the net receipts. 

J. C. Power. 

Lincoln Monument Association, 

By John T. Stuart, ) t:, ,. 
T w.....,.„ r iixecntive 



John T. Stuart, ) -c ,. 
John Williams, i Executive 
Jacob I3unn. ( Committee. 



Springfield, III., December, 1874. 



FIRST ANNUAL REPORT 

or THE 

CUSTODIAN OF THE NATIONAL LINCOLN MONUMENT 

IFOE, THE "2"EJ^E, 1875. 



These Annual Eeports are composed of condensed statements 
of the twelve monthly reports for each year. Vouchers for nearly 
every item of expense accompanies eacli monthly report. 

J, C. PowEE, Custodian, in account ivith the Executive Commit- 
tee OF THE National Lincoln Monument Association. 



Items. 



Dk. 



Ck. 



Januabt— 

Receipts from visitors, for admittance at twenty-five cents 
eacii 


$72 40 




Disbursements— 

For snow tools $105 

coal 9 35 

rf)und table 3 75 




printing rules and regulations 4 50 

salt to remove ice 40 




hitching posts (iO 




making lires 7 50 




salary of the Custodian 50 00 

To balance . 


$77 15 


4 75 






1 Profits on sales of books, pictures, etc., $17.20.1 

Febeuaey— 

By balance 


$77 15 


$77 15 


$41 C5 


$4 75 


Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For coal $5 50 

making fires 7 50 




moving snow 5 00 




opening drains . 1 00 




salary 50 00 

To balance 


09 00 


32 10 






[Profits on sales. $10.48.1 

M .ECH— 

By balance 


$73 75 


$73 75 


$39 40 


$32 10 


Receipts from visitors ^ 

Disbursements— 

Forcoal $0 05 

making fires 7 50 

moving snow, and other labor 8 50 

salary 50 00 


72 05 


To balance 


61 75 
$104 15 




[Profits on sales, $11.58.1 

Apbil— 

By balance ., 


$104 15 


$07 20 
GO 95 


$64 75 






Disbursements— 

For coal $2 50 

labor on grounds 9 oo 

iron wrench 1 90 

salary 50 00 

Balance.... .... 


63 40 








$128 15 


$128 15 







Items. 






Dli. 


Ck. 


May- 


$103 40 
38 19 






$60 95 


DisbursiMiKMits— 

For hiiuliei" 




19 5:'. 








9(11 




repiiirs on heater — 
siiliiry 




1 50 

.'iO UO 


80 64 








$:i2.fl8.l 






1 Profits on sales, 
June— 


$141 59 


$141 59 


$120 80 
11 89 


$38 19 


Receipts from visitors .-- 




Disbursements— 




30 00 




frames and corrt 

labor on grounds 




4 (H) 

4 00 

5 00 




assistant three days, 
salary 




7 50 

50 00 


100 50 








$26.13.1 






iProrttnon sales, 

July— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 


$138 69 


$138 69 


$02 25 


$11 89 


Disbursements— 

For coal 

four chairs 




$4 00 

8 55 




labor on grounds 

assistant, July 4th... 
salary 




4 50 

2 50 

..... .'iO 00 


69 55 
10 81 




$21.30.1 






iProflts on sales. 


$92 25 


$92 25 


August— 

To balance 


$l(j 81 

87 25 




Receipts from visitors -- 




Disbursements— 

For labor on grouncis 




$31 50 




salary 

By balance 




.... 50 00 


$81 5(» 
16 56 




$19.23.1 






(Profits on sales 

September— 

To balance 


$98 06 


$98 06 


$16 56 
82 75 




Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor on grounds 

salary 




$10 Oil 

.->0 00 


$60 00 




39 31 




$20.40.1 






1 Profits on sales 

OCTOBEE— 

To balance 


$99 31 


$99 31 


$39 31 
105 75 




Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For galvanized iron chimney 

making fires, half month 

coal 


$3:i .w 

3 75 

3 'Xi 




salary 




.''ill nil 


$91 21 


By balance 


53 85 




.$22.5<l.l 






iProflts on sales 


$145 06 


$145 06 



10 



Items. 


De. 


Ck. 


NOVEMISEK— 


$53 85 
57 25 




Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For lumber $3 20 




making flres. 7 50 




salary 50 00 

By balance - 


$65 70 
45 40 






1 Profits on sales, $10.50.] 
Decembek— 


$111 10 


$111 10 


$45 40 
40 25 












frames for rules and regulations 4 20 

painting and glazing 3 95 




making flres 7 50 




printing .. 8 00 




salary 50 00 

By balance cash on hand 


$83 64 
8 01 






LProflts on sales, $12.75.] 

Totals for the year 1875— 

Receipts $922 35 


$91 65 


$91 65 






Expenditures 922 35 

Profits on sales $206.23. 





By analyzing the financial statement it will be seen that the 
receipts for visitors from January 1st to December 31st, 1875, 
were $9*2'2,35, and that the disbursements were $914,34, leaving 
a balance in my hands of $8,01 in favor of the Association. Six 
hundred dollars of the receipts is retained as salary and $314,34 
has been used to defray the running expenses, the items of which 
appear in connection wuth each monthly report. Nearly half of 
the latter amount is invested in what might be termed permanent 
improvements, such as planks for walks, tables, chairs, frames 
for rules and regulations, and other needed articles in Memorial 
Hall. By adding the profits from sales to the salary, it will be 
seen that the compensation of the Custodian for the year has been 
$806,23. Some days visitors have come in such numbers as to 
over-tax the energies of the Custodian, and occasionally render it 
necessary to employ an assistant. In a very few instances a 
sufficient sum of money has been collected in one day to defray 
the expenses for a week. On the other hand; there has been 
eighty-four days — more than one fourth of the year — on each of 
which the numl)er of visitors was confined to half a dozen or less. 
There were seven days on which, in consequence of the inclemency 



11 

of the weather, not a single visitor appeared. During tljis 
time there has not been a failure to open the Monument on any 
one of the 312 week days. 

The year has been one of experiment. J)oubts existed whether 
or not the Monument could be kept open continuously and the ex- 
penses defrayed from the contributions of visitors. The experi- 
ment has been tried and proved successful. The six acres he- 
longing to the Association, — since increased by a^onation from the 
city of Springtield, and from the Citizens' Street liailway Com- 
pany, to nearly nine acres, — are in better condition than ever be- 
fore. Memorial Hall, dripping with water when first opened, has, 
by the aid of Ide's steam heating apparatus, been rendered habit- 
able. This Hall must, in the future, be the main dependence to 
keep up the Monument and grounds, therefore its attractions 
should be largely increased. Any diminution now would be 
almost fatal. As the statuary is added the tendency of visitors 
to satisfy themselves with an outer view will increase unless it is 
known that additions to the relics and memorials inside are in 
the same ratio. 

A VAtilE NOTION PREVAILS TO SOME EXTENT, RATHER LOCAL THAN 
GENERAL, THAT THE MoNUMENT SHOULD BE FREE TO ALL VISITORS, 
WITHOUT ANY RESTRAINT OR HINDRANCE WHATEVER, AND THIS WITH- 
OUT ANY APPARENT THOUGHT OR CARE AS TO HOW THE EXPENSES SHOULD 

BE MET. With the view of obtaining information as to the mode 
of conducting other places of public interest similar to this, I 
wrote to the keepers of the Brock ^lonument at Queenston, 
Canada ; the Washington Monument, at Baltimore, Maryland ; 
and of Bunker Hill Monument, at Boston, Massachusetts. 

[The results, originally included in my first annual report is 
transferred to the ninth in order to associate with them the man- 
ner of keeping Mount Vernon also.] 

Something more than four thousand visitors have entered 
Memorial Hall. Nominally the sum collected from each has been 
twenty-hve cents, but really about one-eighth have gone through 
by invitation, and from other causes, without contributing. In 
addition to the four thousand above named, an equal, or, ])erhaps, 
a greater number were content to look at the outside of the Monu- 
ment. 

Bunker Hill Monument has been completed more than one- 
third of a century, and the combined wealth of the cities of Bos- 
t on and Charlestowu, united as they now are under one corporation, 



12 

with their total population of four hundred thousand, have not 
seen proper to make access to the Monument free. Springfield, 
with its twenty-five thousand inhabitants, as a center of trade 
and travel, compared with Boston, is in the ratio of one to twenty, 
while the receipts of the Lincoln Monument, compared with 
Bunker Hill, is nearly as one to five. This gives assurance that, 
with proper management the Lincoln Monument will continue to 
be self-sustaining, and, as population increases, will admit of 
more liberal expenditures in ornamenting the grounds. One point 
more and I have done. It is almost universally remarked by 
visitors, many of whom say they have stopped over a day or a 
train at Springfield for no other purpose than to see the Monu- 
ment, that there is much more to see and study than they were 
prepared to expect. This leads me to compare the labor of those 
in charge of the different monuments. Three of those I have 
spoken of are each a plain obelisk, with a spiral stairway in the 
center. There is little at either to explain, and the principal 
business of the keeper is to receive the contributions and open the 
way for the visitor to ascend. It is not so at the Lincoln Monu- 
ment. Here are three different points to visit and study. Each 
have their lessons. To the well educated, less explanation is 
necessary, but to the majority of visitors, half its teachings would 
remain hidden without some explanation, just as the languages, 
arts and sciences are hidden until revealed by the living teacher. 
Few allow themselves sufficient time, and in order to go over the 
whole ground and make each visitor feel that he or she has been 
profited and edified,, it is absolutely necessary to talk and move 
with the greatest celerity ; therefore, if you do not see proper to 
re-appoint me, let my successor be a man in vigorous health, 
quick in his movements, and so well acquainted with the subject 
that he can answer every question instantly and correctly. A 
man in this position, who is only qualified to open doors and re- 
ceive contributions, would do very little of the latter. He must 
know what is right, and when that is assailed, as it often will be, 
must maintain it with unyielding firmness, and that with a suavity 
that will disarm the would-be aggressor. 
All of which is respectfully submitted. 

Memorial Hall, National Lincoln Monument, 

J. C. PowEK, Custodian. 
SPRiNCiFiEED, III,., January Sth, 1870. 

Ret>ort approved, and J. C. Power is hereby re-appoiuted Custodian of the 
Monument for the present year. 

John T. Stuart, | Vvor-nfiv.^ 
January 14th, 18T(i. John Williams, f Committee. 



13 



SECOND ANNUAL REPORT, 1876. 



Items. 



Dk. 



Cr. 



January— 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For coal .• $10 35 

lire scraper 1 50 

making Ares 1 50 

salary 50 oo 

To balance 

iProflts on sales of books, pictures, etc., $15.73.1 

February— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For coal $3 24 

salary 50 00 

To balance 

I Profits ou sales, $10.41. 1 

MaiJch— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For oil cloth to cover tables $G on 

salary 5i 00 

To balance 

(Profits on sales, $7.58.1 

April— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For coal $3 a.'i 

printing first annual report, 1000 copies. . 25 00 

salary .'iO 00 

To baliifice 

iProflts on sales, $12.58.1 

May- 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For lumber $12 70 

for making fires 7 50 

frames for rules and regulations at hotels 9 75 

labor 6 38 

screen at door of Memorial Hall 2 00 

salary 50 00 

To balance 

[Profits on sales, $11.43.1 



$G1 



8 10 



$69 35 



$35 



25 59 



$61 34 



$14 75 



66 84 



$81 59 



.$54 



$69 35 



$69% 



$8 10 



53 24 



$61 34 



$25 59 



56 00 



$81 59 



$155 17 



$C6 84 



78 3:} 
$145 17 



$111 30 



67 95 



$90 92 



$88.33 



$170 25 



$179 25 



14 



Items. 




Dr. 


Ce. 


June— 

Bv balance 


$136 75 

48 CO 


1 


Receipts from visitors 


$(!" 95 


Disbursements— 

For labor on grounds 

assistance on excursion days 

painting and glazing 


$19 25 

10 00 

3 l.-^ 
35 00 
50 00 




for 1000 copies report of 1875 




salary 


117 40 


To balance 










Profits on sales. $29.41.1 


$185 35 


$185 35 


July— 

By balance 


$104 75 
28 85 


$48 60 


Receipts from visitors . .... 




Disbursements— 

For labor on grounds 

assistance on excursion days 


m 75 

8 25 
50 00 




salary 


$85 00 


To balance 










iProfits on sales, $20.78.1 


$133 60 


$133 60 


AUGUST- 

Bv balance 


$111 25 

35 38 


$28 85 


Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For repairing steam heater 

door hasp 

coal 

labor on grounds and assistance on 

salary 

To balance 


$9 50 

2 50 
7 47 

48 31 
50 00 


117 78 








IProfits on sales, $19.38.1 


$146 63 


$146 63 


September— 

By balance . . 


$106 C5 
23 OS 


$35 38 








Disbursements— 

For srythe and stone 


$1 85 
2 50 

40 00 
50 00 




printing 




labr>r on grounds and assistance on 




salary • 

To balance 


94 35 








(Profits on sales, $17.93.1 


$129 73 


$129 73 . 


OCTOHEK— 

By balance . 


$112 25 


$23 08 


Receipts from visitors :... -. 




Disbursements— 

For labor and assistance on excursion days. 

salarv 


$25 00 

4 50 

50 00 


79 50 


By balance . .. 


9 67 








1 Profits on sales. $28.80. 1 

November— 

To balance 


$112 25 


$112 25 


$9 67 
(11 75 




Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For snow tools 

labor and assistance 

salaryj 


$3 25 
17 50 
50 00 


$70 75 


By balance 


67 








[Profits on sales, $19.07.1 


$71 42 


$71 42 



15 



Items. 



Decemhee— 

To biilance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursoments— 

For scoiip $1 50 

labor and assistance :M 50 

salary 50 00 

To balance 

I Profits on sales, $1G.27.1 

Totals for the year 187(i— 

Receipts *9(il 95 

Due the Custodian 34 08 

dpi; m 

Expenditures $996 03 

Profits on sales, $209.37. 



Dk. 



07 
$51 25 



34 08 



Cb. 



$86 00 



$86 00 



$86 00 



By the above statement it will be seen that the expenditures 
have been §;84.08 more than the receipts. In other words, I have 
paid out so mueh for labor and necessary articles used al)0ut the 
Monument and grounds, that there is a deficiency in my own 
salary, to that amount. Subtracting that from the salary, and 
adding the amount derived from the sales of books and pictures, 
loaves the whole amount received for my services $775.20. 

At the close of summer, the drives and grounds were in perfect 
order. The new tile drain from the Hall, and the brick building 
erected over the steam heating apparatus, has added perceptibly 
to the comfort of visitors to Memorial Hall, and to the certainty 
of keeping it dry through all changes of weather. 

It was my intention to have made a full report at this time, of 
the attempt to steal the remains of President Lincoln on the 
night of November 7th, 1S7(>. On mature reflection I have de- 
cided to defer that until after the trial of the two men who are 
now in jail in this city, charged with the crime. Some facts will 
be developed on the trial, that it would be improper to incorporate 
in a report now. After the trial I will make a special report on 
the subject.' 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

Memorial Hall, National Lincoln i\Ionument, 

J. C. Power, Custodian. 

Springeield, III., January 4th. 1877. 

Since the close of the first year there has not been a formal 
approval of any annual report, nor a re-appointment, but I was 
told by the Executive Committee to go on discharging the duties 
of Custodian indefinitely. 



*This is deferred indefinitely, but will appear in connection with some other 
publication. 



16 



THIRD ANNUAL REPORT, d877. 



Items. 



De. 



Ce. 



January— 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For making fires and assistance $17 50 

coal 17 36 

salary 50 00 

To balance 



[Profits on sales of pictures, books, etc., $24.83.1 

Febeuaet- 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For making fires and assistance $17 50 

salary 50 00 

To balance 




[Profits on sales, $25. 58.[ 

Maech— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For extra brick work on the boiler house, in 

October, 187G $30 00 

guarding Monument in Oct., and Nov. 

1870 10 50 

making fires 7 50 

salary 50 00 

To balance 



iProflts on sales, $18.75.) 

Apeil— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor on Monument and grounds $2.3 75 

on Lincoln's old surveying instruments 100 00 

salary 50 00 

To balance 



[Profits on sales, $15.41.1 

Mat— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For lumber in coal bin $27 03 

for labor on Monument and grounds 27 50 

salary 50 00 

To balance 

I Profits on sales, $26.48.1 

June— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

Fortinpiping and guttering on heater house $8 20 

paint and painting 3 40 

labor and assistance, excursion days. . . 22 50 

salary 50 00 

To balance 

[Profits on sales, $22.46.1 



$71 75 

23 36 
$95 11 



$49 25 



72 11 
$121 36 



$71 25 



174 61 



$245 86 



$12(i 75 



152 99 



$27 61 



67 50 



$95 11 



$23 36 



98 00 



$121 36 



$72 11 



173 75 



$245 86 



$174 61 



105 13 



$279 74 



$279 74 



$120 



116 34 
$237 09 



$152 99 



84 10 



$237 09 



17 



Items. 


Db. 


Ck. 


July— 

Bv biiliinco 


$87 75 
112 (15 


$11(1 34 


Reef ipts fro no visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor and assistance 






.. $12 50 




coal 

salary 






.. 21 5(i 
.'.0 (10 


84 0(i 


To balance - - 














1 Profits on sales. $11.58.1 


$200 40 


$200 40 


August— 

Bvbaliince 


$127 75 
74 95 


$112 65 


Receipts horn visitors ,-. 




Disbursements— 

For oaintine boiler house and memori 
labor on monuiiient and grounds 
salary 


ilh. 


111 $10 80 

.. 29 25 

."iO 00 


90 05 


To balance 














1 Profits on sales, $21..';5.l 


$202 70 


$202 70 


September— 

11 V balance 


$97 25 
35 45 


$74 95 


Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For hiirdware 










salary 






.. ,50 00 


57 75 


To balance - - 














1 Profits on sales, $22.48.1 


$132 70 


$132 70 


OCTOIiER— 

Bv balance 


$84 75 
8 95 


$35 45 


Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements- 

For labor 

salary 




.... 


. . . $S 25 
.50 00 


58 25 


To balance 














[Profits on sales, $18.21.1 


$93 70 


$93 70 


.NOVEMBFK— 

By balance 


$5(i 25 
30 70 


$8 95 


To receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor 

repairing heater 






.. $27 00 
1 00 




salary 






. . . .50 00 


78 00 


To balance 














iProflts on sales, $9.75. i 


$86 95 


$86 95 


Decemher- 

By balance ... 


$49 75 

51 20 
$100 95 


$30 70 


To receipts from visitors 




Disbursements — 

For labor 






. $17 25 
S 00 












salary 






50 00 


70 25 


To balance 










$1,0(15 o(( 

4(i 20 

$1,051 7o 


$1,051 70 
$1,051 7o 




IProflts on sales. $8.80.1 


$1' 95 


Totals for the year 1877— 

Receipts 

E.xpenditures 






Amount due Custodian 

Total 




Profits on sales. $225.91. 







18 

It was my intention to have so regulated expenditures as to 
bring tliem within the amount received at the Monument, but the 
Infantry and Naval groups having remained on the ground from 
the time of their arrival in April until they were placed in position 
on the Monument in September, so divided the attention of 
visitors as to seriously interfere with the income. Placing the 
statuary upon the Monument left the grounds in such a condition 
as to require an unusual expenditure for labor. When this was 
all done and everything put in order, the long continued rains cut 
off a large part of the income for the last three months of the 
year. These causes combined, leaves a deficiency of $46.20 which 
added to the $34.08, in 1876, makes a deficiency of $80.28 in my 
salary for the two years. 

The following additions were made during 1877, to the collec- 
tion m Memorial Hall. 

First. — The implements used by the burglars in their attempt to 
steal the remains of President Lincoln, on the night of Novem- 
ber 7, 1876, were, after the conviction of the criminals, sent to 
Washington, and at the solicitation of P. D. Tyrrell, operative of 
the United States Secret Service, returned to Springfield and by 
him presented to the Custodian for the Association. 

Second. — A piece of the dress worn by the English actress, 
Laura Keene, on the night President Lincoln was assinated, and 
bearing stains made by blood from his death wound, all of which 
is well attested, was purchased by the Custodian for the sum of 
$25.00 and presented to the Monument Association. 

Third. — A portrait of Mr. Lincoln from a photographic negative 
taken March 6, 1865— only forty days before his deatli, — and 
believed, beyond a reasonable doubt, to have been the last photo- 
graph ever taken of him, was purchased by the Custodian, framed 
and placed in Memorial Hall. 

Fourth. — A copy of the book containing about one thousand 
documents from as many individuals and Societies in different 
parts of the world, all expressing abhorrence of the crime of the 
assassination of President Lincoln, and condolence and sympathy 
with the afflicted family and Nation, was donated for Memorial 
Hall, to tbe Custodian as a Christmas present, by Mrs. Adelia 
Dubois, widow of Hon. .Jesse K. Dubois, late Vice-President of 
the Association. 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

Memorial Hall, National Lincoln Monument, 

J. C. Power, Custodian. 
Springfield, 111., January 5th, 1878. 



19 



FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1878. 



Items. 



Db. 



Ce. 



January— 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursemt^nts— 

i'or labor |7 50 

salary 50 00 

By balance 



tProflts on sales of pictures, books, etc., $12.40.1 

February— 

To balance 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For making fires and shoveling snow. . . $10 50 

salary 50 00 

To balance 



I Fronts on sales, $11.08.1 

March— 

By balance 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For making fires and other labor $9 40 

salary 50 00 

To balance 



[Profits on sales, $9.58. i 

15 V hii lance 

Ri'c"i|iis I rum visitors 

Di^l)ursi'ments — 

For making fires $7 50 

gilding letters on stone fi'OmKome 5 25 

blue grass seed 4 00 

salary 50 00 

To balance 



[Profits on sales. $10.40.1 

May— 

By balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor and materials about the steam 

heater '. $63 81 

making fires 7 50 

rep.iiring lawn mower 3 25 

salary 50 00 

To balance 



I Profits on sales, $23.75.1 



$00 75 



$66 75 



$9 25 
38 25 



13 00 



$60 50 



$57 50 
9 25 



$65 75 



$60 50 



$60 50 



$51 75 



20 65 



$13 Olt 



59,40 



$72 40 



$02 25 



25 15 



$87 40 



ifr2 •)(! 



$20 65 



66 75 



$87 40 



$138 25 



11 46 
$149 71 



$25 15 

124 56 
$149 71 



20 



Items. 


Dr. 


Ce. 


June— 

By balance 




$100 45 
34 63 


$11 46 


Receipts from visitors 1 


Disbursements— 

i"'or assistance on public days 

restoring letters on stone from Rome .. 
labor on monument grounds 


$8 00 
3 00 
71 62 
50 00 




salary 


132 62 


To balance 










1 Profits on sales, $10.58.1 

July— 

By balance 


$144 08 


$144 08 


$66 25 
22 88 


$34 63 


Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For assistance July 4th 


$2 00 

2 .'ill 

50 00 




painting bust of Lincoln 




salary 


54 50 


To balance 










LProflts on sales, $8.83.1 

August- 

By balance 


$89 13 


$89 13 


$77 25 
24 63 


$22 88 


Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For assistance two public days 


$4 00 
25 01) 
50 00 




salary 

To balance 


79 00 




« 




1 Profits on sales, $14.22.] 

September— 

By balance 


$101 88 


$101 88 


$73 75 
70 88 


$24 63 


Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor on grounds 

salary 


$70 00 
50 00 


120 00 


To balance . ... 










1 Profits on sales, $15.88.1 

Octobek— 

Bv balance 


$144 63 
$86 25 

48 63 


$144 63 
$70 88 


Recf'ipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For evergreens to mark boundary line of 
grounds 


$2 50 
7 60 
4 00 

50 00 




harrowing grounds 

salary 

To balance 


64 00 








(Profits on sales, $12.13.1 

November— 

By balance 


$134 88 


$134 88 


$153 25 


$48 63 


Receipts from visitors 




DisbursHm-nts— 

For labo r 

lumber 

salary 


$5 00 
4!) 40 
50 00 


104 411 


By balance 


22 








LProfits on sales, $25.47. 1 


$153 25 


$153 25 







•21 





Items. 










Dk. 


Cl5. 


December— 

I'o liM lance 


22 
$40 25 
■M 3X 

S8 15 




Rer'(^i|its from visitors 




]{pcei|)ts fc>r firewood -.. -. - - 




Disbiirsem''nts— 

For labor 










. . $52 04 




steel sliovei 










1 25 




coal 

grass seed . 
hardware 






... 




. . 39 56 
7 85 
G 0<i 




sasli and sli 
salary 


utter 








4 50 
r>o m) 


$1(13 ro 


To lialance 






on sales. 


*0. 


-.0.1 


$908 (t8 
88 15 


$1.086 23 
$1,086 23 




1 Profits 

Totals for the year 1878— 

Kecf'ipts 

Expenditures 


$16:5 00 


$163 00 


Due tlio Custodian 




















Total 


$1,086 23 






on sales, $1G3.88. 




f'rofits 









By comparing the receipts and expenditures for each year, it 
will be seen that for 1875, there was a balance of $8.01, in favor 
of the Association. For each of the succeeding years there has 
been a deficiency in the receipts to meet the necessary expendi- 
tures. That for 187(i was !534.()8 ; for 1S77, §46."20 ; and for 1878, 
888.15. Add the three together and deduct the balance in favor 
of the Association for 1875, leaves Sl()0.42, as the deficiency in 
my salary for the four years I have been in charge of the Monu- 
ment. In my special report in October, 1878, on the effect of the 
south gate being closed during the months of June, July, August 
and September of that year, and other obstructions in the way of 
strangers desiring to visit the Monument, I said the deficiency 
was about $250,00, which was then true. But the assembling of 
the State (rrand Lodge of Odd Fellows here in November, unex- 
pectedly increased the receipts nearly one hundred dollars above 
what it had ever been in that month before, and leaves the result 
as above stated. There is a credit for fire-wood taken from the 
Monument grounds, of SIU.I^S, in the column of receipts from 
visitors, which, if deducted.from the year's receipts, would leave 
§068.70 as the actual amount coming into the hands of the Cus- 
todian from visitors during 1878, including about SIOO.OO collec- 
ted by keeping the Monununt open two or three hours every Sun- 
day afternoon. This shows a retrograde movement w'here there 



22 

should have been a steady advance, and undoubtedly would have 
been were it not that obstructions were placed in the way of visi- 
tors during the four best summer months, as fully set forth in my 
special report of October, 1878. 

The most vexatious feature of all came from the peculations 
of an untrustworthy employe of my own, the extent of which 
cannot be ascertained. If it could, I would do my utmost to 
make it good to the Association, as it was through favor to me, 
that the Executive Committee consented to my employing him. 

The additions to Memorial Hall, during the year 1878, were : 

First. — A photographic copy of a letter from Mr. Lincoln to 
Gov. Michael Hahn, the first free State Governor of Louisiana; 
donated by Gen. J. X. Reece. 

Second. — A lithographic copy of the original Emancipation Pro- 
clamation ; donated by Mrs. J. C. Power. 

Third. — Three maps of the Gettysburg l)attle field, one each for 
the first, second and third days ; donated by Col. A. 0. Vincent, 
of the r. S. Army, (now of Springfield.) 

Fourth. — A piece of a rebel flag that cost Col. E. E. Ellsworth 
his life, at Alexandria, Virginia, May 24, 1861 ; with a letter de- 
scribing an interview between President Lincoln and the avenger 
of Ellsworth, by the side of his dead body; donated by Lieut. 
Frank E. Brownell, of the U. S. Army, (now of St. Louis.) 

Fifth. — A photographic copy of the letter w'ritten by Mr. Lin- 
coln to the "Little Girl," who suggested to him the idea of letting 
his whiskers grow ; taken from the original which was kindly 
loaned for the purpose by the little girl herself, who is now a 
married lady of Delphos, Ottowa county, Kansas. 

Sixth. — A cross of flowers placed on Mr. Lincoln's coffin, by 
the ladies of the U. S. Sanitary Commission in Philadelphia; 
donated by Hon. Lyman Trumbull. 

Seventh. — The first copy of the Illinois State Journal, announc- 
ing the assassination of President Lincoln, taken from the press 
by Thomas Knox ; donated by the Cultodian. 

Eighth. — An addition previously overlooked, is a copy of the 
Declaration of American Independence, secured, framed and 
placed in Memorial Hall by the Custodian. 



23 

Soon after the Infantry and Naval groups of Statuary were 
])lacod in position and tiic new drives laid out, bringiniu; the whole 
seven and one-third acres of land at that time belonging to the 
Association in hnnnony with the Monument and surroundings, I 
wrote an account of it, which appeared in the daily Journal of 
No\ember '29th, 1H77. In that article I find the following 
language : 

"Standing on the Terrace, over Memorial Hall, and looking 
.-.outh we see two somewhat irregular pieces of ground, from one 
hundred to one hundred and twenty-five feet in diameter, one on 
each side of the main approach to the Monument. The remains 
of two of the Governors of the State of Illinois are interred in 
Oak Ridge Cemetery ; Edwards and Bissell, Why not move them 
to these two circles, bringing the monument erected by the State 
to the memory of Governor Bissell ? Another thought has often 
occured to me, that the State of Illinois has not been true to her- 
self, in failing to erect a monument to her first and only Terri- 
torial Governor, who afterwards served her as United States 
Senator, and again as Governor of the State. The State should 
certainly erect a twin monument to that of Governer Bissell, over 
the remains of Governor Edwards. The approach to the Lincoln 
Monument between these two would kindle the latent sparks of 
patriotism in the breast of any man or woman worthy of Ameri- 
can citizenship. The Lincoln Monument Association might 
tender to the State of Illinois sites upon which to inter, and erect 
monuments to all Governors of the State already deceased, whose 
friends are willing that Uie removals should be made, and erect 
cenotaphs or statues to those buried elsewhere. They might also 
set apart the remainder of the grounds and keep them ornamen- 
ted, to be used for the burial of a long line of future Governors of 
the State. In that way the grounds might become, as it were, 
a Westminister Abl)ey for the State of Illinois." 

•'Why would it not be well now for the National Lincoln Moun- 
ment Association to tender a part of its grounds for the purpose 
designated? If accepted l)y the State, the Legislature could at 
once inaugurate the work by taking the necessary steps to place 
the two.first named monuments in position ; and in order to make 
it more easy of access, they might be induced to make a small 
appropriation for the Iniilding of two iron foot bridges from the 
I nd of the Fifth Street railway to the Monument. 



•24 

"No good citizen would think of loading the State with anything 
that can be made self-sustaining, while so many charitable insti- 
tutions must be supported wholly from its revenues. Supposing 
all the "visitors to the Monument were citizens of Illinois, I find 
that but one in six hundred of them visit it annually. It would 
manifestly be more in accordance with justice to let each one 
who does make such a visit pay his or her own expenses, rather 
than tax the five hundred and ninety-nine who stay at home, 
for the purpose of paying the expenses of the one pleasure-seeker. 
Extending the simile to the whole Nation, it would be taxing 
9,999 citizens who stay at home, to pay the admittance fee of the 
one in 10,000 who visit the Monument. Such reasoning I am 
frequently called upon to exercise in answering a small class or a 
class of small visitors, who in proportion to their numbers, are 
five times as much trouble to wait upon as all others." 

[Eemarks on the management of other monuments and places of 
public interest, are transferred with everything on that subject, 
to the closing part of the report for 1883.] 

All of which is respectfully submitted. 

Memorial Hall, National Lincoln Monument. 

J. C. Power, Custodian. 
Springfield, 111., January Gth, 1879. 



FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1879. 



Items, 



Db. 



Cit. 



Januaky— 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For Salt, to put on ice 

shoveling snow and ice. 

salary of tiie Custodian.. 

By balance 



$1 20 
8 2.5 

.50 00 



iProllts from sales, $10.75. 1 

February— 

To b.i 1 ance 

Receipts f om visitors 

Disbursements— 

For shoveling. snow 

salary of the Custodian 

By balance 



$1 .50 
50 00 



(Profits from sales, $2:}.52. 



March- 
To balance 

Receipts from visitors 
Dibljursements— 

Salary 

By balance 



$.50 00 



[Profits from sales, $l!t.:i0.l 



April— 

To balance •. 

Receipts from visitors 

IDisbur.sements— 

For labor , 

salary of the Custodian. 
By balance 



$19 15 
50 (10 



[Profits from sales, $2:i.4.3.] 



May- 

To balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor 

book to register visitors. 

blue grass seed 

salary of the Custodian 

By balance 



$13 75 

•JO III 

5 65 

50 00 



[Profits from salc^. $24.08.] 

June- 

To balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbllrsement^— 

For labor 

grindstone, lioe, rake and monkey- 
wrench 

salary of the Custodian 

By balance 



$20 2, 
7 25 

.'u on 



[Profits from sales, $2:}. 48. 1 



—3 



$t!8 C5 



$68 ()5 



$14 2» 
78 25 



$92 45 



$40 95 
75 50 



$116 45 



$(>6 45 
75 00 



$141 -15 



$72 'Mt 
157 75 



$230 05 



$140 65 
113 25 



$253 90 



$54 45 
14 20 

$68 65 



$51 .50 
40 95 



$92 45 



$5C dU 
66 45 

$116 45 



$69 15 
72 30 



$141 45 



$89 4" 
140 65 

$230 05 



$77 50 
176 40 



SJ53 90 



26 



Items. 



Dk. 



July— 

To balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $1125 

salary of tbe Custodian 50 oo 

By balance 



[Profits from sales. $22.38.] 

August— 

To balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $12 50 

two frames, with glass 4 50 

coal 32 88 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

By balance 

[Profits from sales, $22. 43.] 

September— 

To balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $13 00 

drain tile and lumber 6 84 

oil cloth and hoUand 5 27 

coal 24 00 

tacks, soap, tape, twine, etc 2 65 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

To balance at the close of 1875. 

By balance at the close of 1876 

By balance at the close of 1877 

By balance at the close of 1878 

By cash to J. T Stuart, of the Executive Committee. 



[Profits from sales, $25.46.1 

I For the first time the income is sufficient to defray all ex- 
penses and pay a small amount into the treasury.! 

October— 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $59 

» hard brick .17 70 

hardware 3 85 

grass seed 1 43 

lime, lumber and tile 2 80 

repairing heater 2 36 

hauling 10 50 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

By ca^h paid to the Executive Committ 

By balance, cash on hand 

[Profits from sales, $44.13. 1 

November- 

To balance 

To receipt s from visitors 

Disbursements- 

For hard burned bri,ck $16 25 

labor 25 88 

paint and putty 70 

repairing heater 1 20 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

To cash to balance from Executive Committee 

I Profits on sales, $13.38 1 



$176 40 
93 75 



$270 15 



$208 90 
103 75 



$312 65 



$212 77 
117 75 



01 



$338 53 



$269 75 



$269 75 



$16 25 
53 75 



21 03 



$94 03 



27 



Items. 


Db. 


Ck. 


DECEimER— 

To receipts from visitors 


$43 !tO 
6 10 




Disbursements— 

Salary of the Custodian . $50 00 


$50 (Ml 


To cash to balance from Executive Committee 








1 Profits on sales, $15.5(i.l 


$50 00 


$50 00 


Totals for the year 1879— 

Receipts $1,251 05 

Expenditures 1,25105 






Profits on sales, $267 90 





With this annual report all arrearages in the Custodian's 
salary are settled, and all bills paid. The holding of the State 
Fair in Springtield was the principal cause of the increased re- 
ceipts from visitors. 

J. C. Power, Custodian. 



SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1880- 



Items. 



De. 



Cb. 



Januaey— 

To receipts for the admittance of visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $6 

salary of the Custodian 50 OO 

By balance 

iProlits on sales of pictures, books, etc., $20. IS. I 

February— 

To balance . . 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $1 .50 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

By balanue 

iProflts on sales, lt;.l7.) 

March- 
To balance last month 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements- 

Forlabor $15 0<» 

repairing heater 7 S7 

salary or Custodian 50 (Ki 

To balance 

iProflts on sales, $6.72.1 



$61 75 



$61 75 



$5 37 

58 00 



$63 37 



$11 87 
59 75 



$72 37 



$56 38 
5 37 



$61 75 



$51 50 

11 87 

$63 37 



$72 37 



$72 37 



28 



Items 


Dk. 


Ce. 


April— 

By balance last month 


$108 75 
$108 75 


75 


Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For grass seed 




$2 50 

5 70 

2 50 

2 Oil 

30 00 

50 00 




work on ceiling of Memorial Hall and 
Catacomb 

hauling flowers and plants for decora- 
tion 




boquets 

labor 






salary 




$92 70 


By balance 




15 30 










(Profits on sales, $15.81.1 

May- 

To balance last month 

To receipts for the admittance of visitors 


$108 75 


$15 30 
159 25 




Disbursements- 

For coal 




$9 90 

18 95 
21 48 
2 (15 
4(J 75 
50 00 




lawn mower, oil can, rake and 

hook 

drain tile and lumber 

paint and oil 


grass 




labor 






salary 




$149 22 


By b.alance 




25 33 










[Profits on sales $14 2" 1 


$174 55 


$174 55 


June— 

To balance last month. ^ 


$25 33 
96 50 

$121 83 








Disbursements— 

For labor 




$38 00 

9 0(1 

50 00 




hauling earth 

salary 

By balance 




$97 00 
::4 83 


[Profits on sales. $14.08.1 

July— 

To balance last month 


$121 83 


$24 83 
94 75 




Beceipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor 




$22 50 
a 60 
.50 00 




wire protection on chairs 






salary of the Custodian 




$79 00 


By balance 




40 58 










[Profits on sales of pictures, $11.83.1 

August— 

To balance last month 


$119 58 


$119 58 


$40 58 
102 75 

$143 33 




To Receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor 




$5 3^ 
1 75 
3 85 

50 00 




wood for notices to "keep off the 
work on the Monument 


grass" 




salary of the Custodian 




$00 98 


, By balance 




82 35 










1 Profits on sales, $21.5(1 1 


$143 33 









20 



Items. 



Dr. 



Ce. 



September— 

To balance last month 

To receipts fi-on. visitors 

Disbursements - 

For labor $33 75 

iiauling 10 5(1 

two show cases 3105 

lumber and lirain tile 13 27 

painlinc: and lettering "keep ofT the 

grass" 13 02 

hardware 2 40 

salary of the Custodian 50 Oii 

By balance, being the accumulation of surplus re- 
ceipts in June, July, August, and by cash paid 
to the Executive Committee 

iProfits on sales of pictures, $27. 17.1 

October— 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $37 5P 

painting Iron steps 20 oo 

grass seed 2 50 

salary of the Custodian .W 00 

By balance - 

iProflts on sales of pictures. $22.47.1 

November- 

To balance 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For coal $27 72 

salary 50 00 

By balance 

(Profits on sales, $12.47.1 

December— 

To balance 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor ^ $21 53 

repairing heater. U 81 

salary bO 00 

By balance paid to the Executive Committee 



[Profits on sales. $10.10. 



Totals for the year 1880- 

Receipts 

Expenditures 



(Profits on sales, $199.08.] 



$1,204 75 
1,204 75 



$82 35 
190 25 



$•272 tiO 



$i:?5 75 



$135 75 



r^M to 
62 75 



$88 50 



$10 78 
74 50 



$85 28 



$154 .SO 

$117 7] 
$272 (50 



$110 00 
25 75 



$135 75 



10 78 
$88 50 



$S3 34 
1 94 



$85 28 



Note. — Having verified the fact that the profits on sales of 
books and pictures average but little more than two hundred dol- 
lars annually, and that being conceded to the Custodian as a 
supplement to his small salary, it was deemed by the chairman 
of the Executive Committee unnecessary to make any further 
reports of sales. 



30 



The opening of the Citizens' Street Erailway September 5th, 
1880, landing passengers within less than one hundred yards of 
the Monument at the west side, effectually overcomes the possi- 
bility of obstructions being again placed in the way of visitors. 
The Fifth street line, or City Railway, continues to land passen- 
gers on the east side, as it has done for years. This gives access 
to the Monument by two street railways and two carriage drives. 

J. C. PowEE, Custodian. 



SEVEN I'H ANNUAL REPORT, ISS-l. 



Items. 



Db. 



Ce, 



January— _ . . 

To receipts for the admittance of visitors. 
Disbursements— 

For glazing 

hauling water 

salary ot the Custodian 

By balance 



$2 00 

3 75 

50 00 



Febkuaey— 

To balance last month 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 
For salary of the Custodian. 
By balance 



March— 

To balance 

Receipts for admittance of visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor 

blacking letters on stone from Rome. 

lawn rakes 

salary of the Custodian 

By balance 



$19 00 

2 10 

80 

50 00 



Apeil— 

To balance 

Receipts for the admittance of visitors. 
Disbursements— 

For labor 

hauling 

work on boiler 

coal 

salary of the Custodian 

To balance 



$29 7fi 

6 00 

1 0(1 

10 90 

50 00 



$77 75 



^ $77 75 



$22 00 
43 75 



$65 75 



$15 75 
61 75 



$77 50 



$5 60 
83 75 



8 31 



$97 66 



$55 75 
22 00 



$77 75 



$50 00 
15 75 



$65 75 



$71 90 
5 60 



$77 50 



$97 66 



$97 66 



31 



Items. 



Db. 



Cr. 



May- 

By ba'iince . 

To rpi'eipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $37 75 

coal 2 25 

hardware 3 10 

salary of the Custodian 5o 00 

By balance 



June— 

To balance 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $58 05 

salary of the Custodian li 60 00 

By balance 



July- 

To balance 

To receipts for admittance of visitors 

Disbursempnts— 

For labor $46 75 

padlocks 2 HS 

stones for landmarks 1 50 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

By balance 



August— 

To balance 

To receipts for the admittance of visitors 

To fire wood 

Disbursements— 

For labor $31 (i3 

hardware 3 00 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

By cash paid to the Executive Committee 



September— 

To receipts for admittance of visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $42 50 

mending lock 1 50 

hauling water fi 00 

lumber 1 15 

dry goods to drape the monumfnt on 
the death of President Gi<rfleld, (half 

cost) 9 50 

salary- of the Custodian 50 Go 

By balance ... 



OCTOBEK— 

To balnnce 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbiirseniputs- 

For labor $39 ti3 

blue grass seed 3 90 

coal 2ti 40 

salary of the Custodian... 50 ou 

By balance 



1143 



$143 75 



$42 34 
98 75 



$141 09 



$:33 04 
101 25 



$134 29 



$33 ()C 
113 75 

2 00 



$149 41 



$132 25 



$132 25 



$21 00 
112 25 



$133 S5 



$8 31 



93 10 
42 34 



$143 75 



$108 05 
33 04 



$141 09 



$100 63 
3;} 66 



$134 29 



$84 63 

64 78 

$149 41 



$110 65 
21 60 



*132 25 



$119 93 
13 92 

$i:« 85 



3-2 



Items. 


Dr. 


Cr. 


November— 


' $13 92 
84 75 








Disbursements- 




labor 22 19 

painting eeiliner of Memorial Hall 15 74 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 


$90 03 
8 64 








$98 67 


$98 67 


December— 


$8 64 
75 25 




To leceipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor $15 32 




steam cement for joints in the Terrace. 3 70 
salary 50 00 


$81 13 




2 76 








$83 89 


$83 89 


Totals for the year 1881- 






Expenditures $1,129 00 





The additions to Memorial Hall during the year were : 

FiEST. — A small dish used as a toilet soap holder, by Abraham 
Lincoln. Presented by Marion T. Hutson. 

Second. — A. piece of oak wood in the form of a paper ruler, 
from a bridge at Greenup, Illinois, upon which Lincoln labored 
in building, in 1832. Presented by Mark Sperry, through Gov. 
CuUom. 

Third. — Louisiana's tribute to the memory of Abraham Lin- 
coln—a small printed volume. Presented by Judge Whittaker, 
of New Orleans. 

Fourth. — A photographic picture of the Lincoln Guard of 
Honor in a group, and in ia gilded frame. Presented by the 
members of that organization. 

By order of Hon. John T. Stuart, Chairman of the Executive 
Committee, the Monument was draped in mourning, on the death 
of President Garfield, by intertwining black and white muslin 
from bottom to top of the obelisk, and around the balustrades on 
the terrace. This is probably the first instance on record of the 
tomb of one National ruler having been dressed in the habili- 
ments of mourning on the death of another ; the black, to indi- 
cate the diabolical crime that caused his untimely death, and the 



33 



white, liis welcome to scenes immortal. It remained from the 
time of his death, Sept. 10th, until the body was placed in the 
tomb at Cleveland, Ohio, After the drapery was arranged, tlie 
Custodian sent a small contribution to the president of Lake 
\'ie\v cemetery at Cleveland, with the accompanying note: 

"Memorial Hall, National Lincoln Monument, 

September 'I'i, 1881. 
'^ Presiding Officer Lake Vieiv Cemetery, 

Cleveland, Ohio: 

"Dear Sir: — While the colored people, in commemoration of 
the nineteenth anniversary of the Preliminary Emancipatinn 
Proclamation, are flocking to this, their Mecca, I send you this 
contribution, to aid in building an equally imposing mausoleum 
to the twin martyr, in the caase of pure government, 

"This Monument is draped in mourning from bottom to top, in 
sympathy with the present great National sorrow. 

J. C. Power, Custodian." 



EIGHTH ANNUAL REPORT, 1882. 



Items. 



Dk. 



Ck. 



January— 

To receipts for admittance of visitors 

Disbursements- 

For latter $8 7.5 

snow shovel 133 

repairing lock 1 2b 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

B y balance 



Februaky— I 

To halance 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $24 S2 

steam cement 3 65 

salary of the Custodian 50 00, 

By balance 



March- 
To balance 

To receipts from visitors 

Disburse raents— 

For labor $,^5 08 

tjrass seed 2 50 

tinner's work ', 2 35 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

To balance 



$74 25 



$74 25 



$12 02 
07 25 



$61 33 
12 92 

$74 25 • 



$80 17 



$1 70 

84 75 



4 08 
$90 53 



$78 47 
1 70 



$80 17 



$90 53 



$90 53 



34 



Items. 


Dk. 


Ce. 


April - 

By balance 


$88 75 


$4 08 


To receipts from visitors ... 




Disbursements— 

Tor labor 

salary of the Custodian 

By balance 


$30 75 

5(1 00 


80 75 
3 92 










$88 75 


$88 75 


May- 

'L'o balance 


$3 92 
161 75 




To receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor .. 


41 69 

27 SI 
8 80 

6 50 

7 00 
50 00 




coal 




Presbyterian Gen'l Assembly register. 

cedar posts 

salary of the Custodian 


$141 80 




23 87 










$165 67 


$165 67 


June— 

To balance ... . . 


$23 87 
124 75 

$148 62 




To receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

for labor 


. H7 88 
4 5( 
3 0( 

. 10 ()7 

3 0( 

50 00 




coal 

cedar posts 




barbed wire 




flowers 




salary of the Custodian 

Bv balance 


$109 05 
39 67 






$148 62 


July— 

'i'o balance 


$39 57 
114 75 




To receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor 

steam fitting 


. $45 5( 
4 25 
4 51 
1 50 

. 50 0{ 








haul ing 

salary of the Custodian 


$105 75 




48 57 










$154 32 


$154 32 


August— 

To balance 


$48 57 
136 25 




To receipts from visitors 




Disbur.^ements— 

For labor 


. $30 75 

3 00 

0( 

. 20 70 

. 50 0( 




hauling 




flowers at Mrs. Lincoln's funeral 

painting ceilings 

salary of the Custodian 


$109 61 




75 31 










$184 82 


$184 82 


Keptembek— 

To receiiits from visitors 


$137 25 




Disbursements— 

For labor 

steam cement 


$22 5( 

6 00 

41 94 

50 00 




coal 

salary of the Custodian 

By balance 


$120 44 
16 81 










$137 25 


$137 25 



35 



Items. 



Dr. 



Cb. 



OCTOB' K— 

To balance 

To rt.'ceipi R from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $21 50 

steam cement 14 <iO 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

By balance 

November— 

To balance 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $20 50 

steam cement H 50 

salary 50 00 

By balance 

Decesiuek 

To lialanee 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor .. $11 50 

steel scaup 1 75 

steel caulking tools, asbestos paper, 

felting and labor on steam pipes 18 75 

salary 50 00 

By balance paid to the Executive Committee 

Totals for the year 1882— 

Receipts $1,240 00 

Expenditures 1,240 00 



$1111 'm; 



$16 81 
1«1 75 






$86 10 
32 4(i 


$118 56 


$118 56 


$:{2 46 

iSi 75 






$79 00 
:J7 21 


$11*; 21 


$116 21 


$:?7 2i 

64 75 





$98 00 
S 96 

$101 96 



Under the joint resolution of the United States House of Eep- 
resentatives, of January "iHd, 1880, and of the Senate, February, 
•28d, 1881, concerning relics to be sent from the War and State 
Departments to Memorial Hall, the only article received thus far 
is one copy of "Tributes of the Nations to the memory of Abraham 
Lincohi," and is the only one that can be spared. 

Hon. W. M. Springer has been untiring in his efforts to have 
the provisions of the joint resolution complied with, but obstacles 
have presented themselves at various points, and the proltability is 
that we will never receive half that was ordered in that resolu- 
tion. Secretary Frelinghuysen, some months ago, made arrange- 
ments with J. R. Osgood & Co., of Boston, Massachusetts, to have 
reproduced, by theheliotype process of engraving, about one hun- 
dred of the memorials that are on parchment. In a letter dated 
Washington, December 14th, 1882, Mr. Springer says: "The 
work is progressing slowly, but well. It will contain a portrait of 
Mr. Lincoln, and a reproduction of the American Hag, presented 
to him by the workingmen of Lyons, France. The printing pro- 



36 

gresses slowly, but you will be the more gratified in the end." 
Mr, Springer assures me that he will have at least one dozen 
copies sent to Memorial Hall. 

When I took charge of the Monument, the Executive Com- 
mittee well know that every point was guarded against an excess 
of expenses over the income. My salary was made ridiculously 
small, but supplemented with the privilege of selling suitable 
books and pictures, the profits on which should be exclusively my 
own. Other parties often came and took pictures without even 
asking leave. For a time I made no objection, but soon learned 
that the artists who came in this way were invariably incompetent, 
and that their efforts were little better than caricatures, and 
seriously interfered with the sale of good pictures. Upon calling 
attention to it, the. Committee verbally authorized me to forbid 
the taking of pictures except with my consent. Still there were 
parties determined to take them surreptitiously. Then the Com- 
mittee gave me the following paper : 

"Mr. J. C. Power, 

"Sir: — From and after Monday, April 24th, 1882, you will 
please control the taking of photographic views of the Lincoln 
Monument until further orders of the Association or its Executive 
Committee. 

John T. Stuart, ) tj, ,- , 
T TT7 f Executive 

John Williams, V Committee " 
April 18th, 1882. James Conkling. ) 

As a precedent in similiar cases, I refer to the frequent mention 
of intruders, for the purpose of surreptitiously taking photographic 
views, in the article on Mount Vernon. 

J. C. Power, Custodian. 



37 



NINi'H ANNUAL H E PORT.. 1883. 



Items. 



Cb. 



Januaby— 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $15 ".(» 

salt to remove ice 50 

salary of I lie Custodian 50 00 

By balance cash on hand 



Febbuary— 

To balance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $15 50 

longla.lder 3 50 

snow shovels 100 

salt 1 25 

salary 50 00 

By balance 

Mabch— 

To balance last month 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor • $36 S'l 

repairinK heater 5 85 

salary 5' 00 

To balance 

Apeil— 

By fialance 

Receipts from visitors 

Disburse men ts— 

. For labor $38 00 

salary 50 00 

To balance 

May- 

By balance •. 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $4125 

drain tile 7 50 

salary 50 00 

B y balance 

June— 

To balance, cash on hand 

To receipts from visitors 

Disbursements— 

For labor $43 31 

hauling and mowing 14 50 

screen frame 3 85 

salary 5o 00 

By balance, cash on hand 



$7(1 50 






$i;ii 00 

10 50 


$7(i 50 


$70 50 


$10 50 
«>3 75 






$71 25 
3 00 


$74 25 


$74 25 


$3 00 

87 25 




2 10 


$92 35 


$92 35 


$92 35 


$86 25 


$2 10 


3 85 


88 00 


$90 10 


$90 10 


$141 25 


$3 85 




97 75 
39 65 


$141 25 


$141 25 


$39 65 
127 75 






$111 66 
55 74 


$167 40 


$167 40 







38 



Items. 


Dk. 


Ce. 


JULY^ 

To balance at last report 


$55 74 
119 50 




To receipts from visitors 




Disbursements— 

For labor $43 75 

hauling . 6 00 




hardware 1 75 




flowers 3 00 

salary 50 00 


$104 :o 
70 74 








$175 24 


$175 24 


August— 

To balance at last report 


$70 74 
127 25 








Disbursements— 

For labor $44 19 




brick 6 40 




hauling «3 (iO 

painting 24 53 

salary 50 00 


$188 72 




9 27 








$197 99 


$197 99 


Septembee— 


$9 27 
131 75 

$141 02 








For labor . $4113 












salary 50 00 


$1)3 13 
27 89 








$141 02 


October— 

To balance at last report 


$27 89 
94 25 

1 24 








Disbursements— ^ ^ 

For labor $19 25 

coal 54 13 




salary of the Custodian 50 00 


$123 38 


To balanc e 






$123 38 


$123 38 




$104 75 


$1 24 






Disbursements— 

For labor $'■^7 13 




lumber 10 14 

salary 50 00 


87 27 
l(i 24 








$104 75 


$104 75 



39 



Items. 



Decemrer— 

To balance last report 

To receipts from visitors 

To lire wood 

Disbursements— 

For labor $23 I'.t 

spent lime I •">" 

brick l'» 41) 

paint 1 h;< 

frames and renovating parchments 44 40 

salary of the Custodian 50 00 

Donation by the Custodian to balance 

Totals for the year ISas— 

Ueceipts $1,26.-? 50 

Expenditures 1,263 50 



Dr. 



$16 24 
m 25 
10 00 



11 83 



Cb. 



$131 32 



$131 32 



$131 32 



During the year four relics have been received and placed in 
Memorial Hall : 

1. A steel engraving of Carpenter's painting of President Lin- 
coln reading the Emancipation Proclamation in presence of his 
Cabinet. Presented by Dr. H. Wolgemuth, of Springfield. 

2. A ])hotograph of a monument over the grave of the mother 
of Abraham Lincoln, in Spencer County, Indiana. Tlie follow- 
ing extract from a letter accompanying the picture explains all : 

"The grave is rear the old Lincoln homestead, whore Thomas 
Lincoln resided from IHK) to 18:^0. A half acre of land on which 
the grave is, has been conveyed to the board of county commis- 
sioners in trust for the people of the United States, and is placed 
in charge of a committee of ten citizens. I am chairman of that 
committee. 

Respectfully yours, 

James Yeatch." 
"Rockport. liid.. July 24, 1883." 

'■). A fern, grown near where Abraham Lincoln was born, in 
Hardin — now Larue — County, Kentucky. Presented in a neat 
frame, by Miss Katie Wetterer, of Springfield. 

4. A photograph of a mural (wall) tablet, bearing the follow- 
ing inscription : 

In Memory of 

MR. ABRAHAM LINCOLNE, 

OF THIS PARtSH. 

Who died July 13. 1798, aged 79 years. 

And Hannah his daughter, who died Sept. 2:W, 1769, aged six years. 

From Thee, great God, we spring, to Thee we tend, 
Path, motive, guide, original and end. 



40 

The picture was presented by Mr. John Leach, of Great Yar- 
mouth, County of Norfolk, England, who says that the tablet is 
in the wall of Saint Andrew's Cliurch, Norwich, in the same 
county. It was accompanied by some interesting historical facts 
concerning the connection between the English and American 
Lincolns. 



A Table — Shoicing the amount received for the admittance of 
visitors to Memorial Hall, and all parts of the Monument for 
each and every month of the nine years that it has been under 
the charge of the Custodian. 



Months. 


1875. 


1873. 


1877. 


1878. 


1879. 


1880. 


1881. 


1882. 


1883. 


January .... 
February... 

Marcli 

April 

May 

June 

July 


$72 40 
41 65 
39 40 
67 20 

li'3 40 

126 80 
92 25 
87 25 
82 75 

1115 75 
57 25 
46 25 


$61 25 
35 75 
14 75 
54 25 
111 30 
136 75 
104 75 

111 25 
106 65 

112 25 
61 75 
51 25 

$961 95 


$57 25 
71 75 
49 25 
71 25 

126 75 
120 75 

87 75 

127 75 
97 25 
84 75 
56 25 
49 75 

$1,005 50 


$66 75 
38 25 
51 75 
62 25 
138 25 
1119 45 
66 25 
77 25 

73 75 
86 25 

153 25 

74 (i3 


$68 65 

78 25 

75 50 

75 I'O 

157 75 

113 25 

93 75 

1(13 75 

117 75 

269 75 

53 75 

43 90 

$1,251 05 


$61 75 

58 00 

59 75 
lOS 75 
159 2-. 

96 50 
94 75 
102 75 
190 25 
135 75 
62 75 
74 50 

$1,204 75 


$77 75 
43 75 
61 75 
8:^ 75 

113 75 
98 75 

101 25 


1 

$74 25 $76 50 

67 25 63 75 

84 75 87 25 

88 75 86 25 

161 75 141 25 

124 75 127 75 

114 IF,' 119 M 


August 

September . 
October ... 
November.. 
December.. 


113 75 136 25 
132 25 137 25 
112 25j 101 75 
84 75 S3 75 

75 25 j 64 75 


127 25 
131 75 
94 25 
104 75 
103 25 


Ann'l totals. 


$922 35 


$998 08 


$1, 129 00 


$1,240 00 


$1,263 50 



The above shows a grand total of nine thousand nine hundred 

and forty-one dollars and eighty cents, which has been expended 

in taking care of the Monument and grounds, and adding to the 

furniture and relics in Memorial Hall; except a small surplus of 

$389.65, which has been accumulated in the hands of the 

Executive Committee. 

J. C. Power, Custodian. 



4i 



SUNDAY OPENING 



LINCOLN MONUMENT. 



A (4aiise in connection with the original rules and reguhitions 
provides for opening the Monument on all days except Sundays. 
A pressure set in almost simultaneous with my assuming the 
duties as Custodian, to have it opened on that day also. On stat- 
ing the facts to some of the Executive Committee, it was sug- 
gested that the experiment he tried. I accordingly adopted the 
custom^without giving any printed notice— of opening it at '2 
o'clofk every Sunday afternoon, expecting' to stay but two hours. 
I soon found that it was simply another half day's service, for 1 
was generally restrained from closmg until the usual time for 
week days. It became apparent to me, that, as a general rule, 
those who could hud time to visit it on that day only, were 
of the same class, who, if dry goods and grocery stores were open 
on Sunday, would soon Inid their time so limited, that they would 
easily yield to tbe transaction of general l)usiness an that day 
also. I accordingly notilied the chairman of the Executive Com- 
mittee, in the autumn of 1878, that I desired to be relieved from 
o])('ning it any more on that day. and if he had msisted on my 
doing so, I should have preferred tendering my resignation. The 
receipts for the two succeeding years may very properly be re- 
garded as a vindication of the course taken. The Monument has 
been opened on Sunday a few times since, but in each case for a 
special purpose and without fee or reward. 

Could he whose memory this monument is designed to cherish, 
l)e consulted, it would doubtless be found extremely repugnant to 
his feelings to have it opened on the Sabbath, and attended by a 
l^erson under pay in any form whatever. A distinguished jurist 
and author — Hon. I. N. Arnold — who enjoyed a life-long accjuaint- 
ancc with him says: "Lincoln was more familiar with the Bible 
than iiny other book in the language." This knowledge enabled 
him to draw practical iessojis from it in times of great and sore 
— 5 



42 

trial, and altbongii not a member of any Clinrcli, liis recognition 
of the importance of its teachings would put to shame many who 
are. This is apparant in some of the more important of his State 
papers, which seem surcharged with the spirit of some of the old 
prophets. I will give a single quotation from a general order to 
the army and navy, issued Nov. 16, 1862. 

"The President, Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy, 
desires and enjoins the orderly observance of tbe Sabbatb by the 
officers and men in the military and naval service. The import- 
ance for man and beast, of the prescribed weekly rest, the sacred 
rights of Christian sohliers and sailors, a becoming deference to 
the best sentiment of a Christian people, and a due regard for the 
Divine will, demand that Sunday labor in the Army and Navy be 
reduced to the measure of strict necessity. The discipline and 
character of the National forces should not suffer, nor the cause 
they defend be imperiled, by the profanation of the day, or name 
of the Most High." 

Whoever may discharge the duties of Custodian here, it is to 
him simply business, and to make business of it on Sunday, lowers 
the dignity that should manifest itself by quiet restfulness on 
that day. The symbolism of which the Monument is composed, 
in connection with the illustrious character it is designed to com- 
memorate, teaches a very high order of patriotism. It would be 
little short of a crime to mar it by a violation of the Christian 
Sabbath, the proper observance of which is, in these times of 
Sabbath desecration, and for our own country, patriotism of the 
most exalted character. 

I 



SIGHT SEEING. 

People who go sight-seeing, expect to spend money, whether 
there is a price fixed on the particular objects they seek or not, 
and if they are not prepared to pay the expenses they do not go. 
The American who visits London, will find hundreds of places he 
or she may desire to visit, to which admittance is restricted, 
either by requiring the payment of a fee, or written permission 
from some person in authority. The universal experience of trav- 
elers is, that those places denominated free are the most ex- 
pensive and least satisfactory to visit, for the reason that the time 
involved in obtaining the necessary .written permit or order is 



43 

more valuable than the fee demanded, where a fee is j-equired. 
The following are some of the places usually visited, and the cost 
or method of gaining admittance : 

The Bank of England covers eight acres of ground and em- 
ploys 1,000 clerks. The bullion vaults may be visited free, by 
special order from the Governor or deputy Governor of the Bank. 

The lioyal Mint— free, on a written application to the ^Mastei' 
of the Mint, in which the applicant must specify the day on which 
the proposed visit is to be made, his name, trade, and number of 
his party. 

Royal Botanic Gardens, ou members' order, or occasionally by 
payment. 

British Gallery of Art — one shilling. 

British Museum — written order, free. 

Buckingham Palace — free, on a written order from the Lord 
Chamberlain's ofiice, when the Queen is out of the city. 

Houses of Parliament — gratis, on Saturdays only, on an order 
from the Lord Chamberlain's office. 

Lambeth Palace Library — free, on a written application. 

Fire Monument — fee, three pence. It is 202 feet high, because 
the great fi^-e of !()()(), which l)uvned over 436 acres, commenced 
20"2 feet east of where the Monument stands. 

St. Paul's Cathedral — fee, three shillings and sixpense, divided 
into four distinct charges for the different parts. It cost one 
million, live hundred and eleven thousand, two hundred and two 
pounds, or seven and a half million dollars. 

Westminster Abbey — fee, sixpense. 

Tower of London — Mondays and Saturdays, free, all other 
week days, one shilling. It comprises twelve acres, and is a clus- 
ter of houses, towers, barracks, armories, warehouses and prison- 
like edifices. It contains many of the crowns of the former Kings 
and Queens of England. 

Crystal Palace — one shilling, except Saturdays, when it is two 
shillings and six])en8e. 

Kew Gardens — free. 



44 

General Post Ofifice. Permission to view its workings rarely 
granted. Savings Bank department may be viewed from 2 to 4 
p. M., daily, on written application, stating which day the visitor 
desires to see it. 

Windsor Castle — free, on tickets from the Lord Chamberlain's 
office. 

Woolwich Arsenal, 350 acres in extent — free, for British sub- 
jects, on written application to the Secretary of Staie, for War. 
Foreigners must apply to their embassadors for tickets. 

Custom House, on the bank of the Thames — free. The amount 
of customs or tariff duties collected annually, is nearly sixty 
millions of dollars, notwithstanding England wants to have free 
trade in our country. 

There are hundreds of other places of interest, in London, that 
may be visited under similar restrictions. 



THE BROCK MONUMENT, AT QUEENSTON, CANADA. 

Sir Isaac Brock was the General officer who commanded the 
English army at the capture of the American army under General 
Hull, at Detroit, Michigan, August 12th, 1812. He also com- 
manded the British army at the battle of Queenston, Canada, 
seven miles below Niagara Falls, October 13tli, 1812. In that 
battle General Brock was slain. He was acknowledged by his 
enemies to have been a noble officer, and during his funeral, the 
American guns on the opposite side of the river were fired as a 
token of respect. The spot in the valley where he fell is marked 
by a small monument. A larger one was built on Queenston 
Heights in 1826. It was blown up in 1840 by a man named Lett, 
who had been connected with the Canadian rebellion of 1887-8. 

Money was raised by voluntary subscriptions, and in 1858 
another monument was erected on the same spot. A committee 
of twelve distinguished gentlemen conducted the work. The 
monument stands on an elevation of 550 feet, and is 216 feet high, 
including a statue of the hero in whose honor it is erected. The 
l)ase is forty feet square. The monument is ascended by 280 
steps to a platform in the tower, 200 feet from the ground, making 



45 

7r>0 feet almve Niagara river iuid fiuke Ontario, From this eleva- 
tion luay 1)6 seen the Falls of Niagara, Wellard canal, Lake 
Onttirio, the city of Buffalo, New York, and towns and villages of 
Lundy's Lane, St. Catharine's, Queenston, Lewiston, Yonngston, 
and Forts Niagara and Massasanga. It stands in an inclosureof 
forty acres, a gift from the Canadian government, and is ap- 
l)roached through a lodge, a quarter of a mile from the Monument. 
From (Captain Robert B. C. Playter, a York Pioneer, who was 
"care taker" in 187(5, 1 learned that a fee of one shilling, which 
they call the Canadian twenty-live cent piece, equal in value to 
our silver coin of that denomination, is required of each visitor 
for access to the monument and grounds. It is open in summer 
and closed in winter. The whole income is only about two hun- 
dred dollars a year. The Dominian government suj)plements 
that by sufficient appropriations to keep the monument in repair. 



Some places of Public and Patriotic Interest in our own Coun- 
try — How to gain admittance to them and how they are 

CARED FOR. 

THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT, AT BALTIMORE. 

The Legislature of Maryland, in the year 1S09, created a board 
of commissioners from her prominent citizens, and invested 
them with power to erect in the city of Baltimore, amoiumient to 
the memory of George Washington, the first President of the 
United States. The site was chosen, but before any work was 
done, war which had been threatening between the United States 
and England, culminated in open hostilities. That is known as 
the Wiir of 1812. In September, 1814, when the British vessels of 
war bombarded Fort McHenry, and attempted to land their forces 
at North Point, they were repulsed by the Americans, which in- 
spired our National poem "The Star Spangled Banner." The 
soldiers who fell at North Point, afforded a new cause for the 
erection of a monument. As soon as peace returned, the com- 
missioners were directed, instead of a monument to the memory 
of Washington, to build one on the site selected, to the memory 
of the soldiers who had fallen in defense of the city. That is 
known as the Battle monument. 



46 

Another site, a short distance from the Battle monument, was 
selected and the corner stone of the Washington monument was 
Jaid July Fourth, 1815. It is constructed of white marble, and 
was nearly fifteen years in building, the statue of Washington 
having been raised to its position on the top, October 19th, 1821). 
The building of two monuments where but one was originally in- 
tended, led to the designation so long applied to Baltimore as 
"The Monumental City." The Washington l^Ionument proper, is 
1()4 feet high, and the statue lO feet, makmg a total height of 180 
feet. The ascent is made by a spiral stairway of 228 steps, to a 
balcony, from which may be seen the whole city, with its harbor, 
forts and adjoining country. The monument cost S250,000, and 
the statue of Washington $9,000, all paid for by the State of 
Maryland. 

It wa)uld naturally be presumed that the State, having built it 
entire, or the city, with its population of 332,000 would, one or 
both, have made provisions for taking care of it, and made it free 
to all visitors, but such has not been the case, although it has 
been completed more than half a century. In 1875 I correspon- 
ded with Mr. Fenton, the keeper, and learned from him that the 
monument was under the care of the city of Baltimore ; that the 
Mayor appointed and the Council confirmed a Keeper, annually. 
There are no grounds to look after. The duties of the keeper are 
to open the monument every day, except Sunday, keep the office 
supplied with fuel, and furnish each visitor with a lighted lamp. 
There is no salary attached to the position nor any report to 
make. The Keeper is authorized to sell views of the Monument 
and surrounding scenery, collect a fee of fifteen cents from each 
visitor, and retain all the income for his services. 



MOUNT VERNON LADIES' ASSOCIATION. 

Mount Vernon, the home of Washington, situated on the south 
hank of the river Potomac, sixteen miles l)elow the city of Wash- 
ington, D. C, was inherited l)y a nephew bearing the family name. 
Half a century after the death of the Father of his country, but 
little attention was given to it from the outside world. Mean- 
while almost everything with which his daily life was associated, 



was suffered to fall into dilapidation and almost hopeless decay. 
An occasional citizen oi the sreat Republic, moved by patriotic 
impulses, desiring to visit the tomb, found it almost inaccessible 
for want of roads in that part of Virginia. The only way it could 
be approached with any degree of comfort was by water, and 
there svere no Regular boats. In this dilemma the idea occurred 
to a lady, that the ladies of the south should raise the money, 
purcdiase the estate and place it in the keeping of the State of 
Virgniia. ^.fter nearly two years effort, a considerable sum of 
money was collected by subscriptions, when a charter was ap- 
plied for and granted by the Legislature of Virginia, March 17, 
1S;5(), under the style of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of 
the Union. In the preamble it was declared that the Association 
should have power to raise two hundred thousand dollars, pur- 
chase and improve two hundred acres of the estate of Mount 
Vernon, including the Mansion, Wharf on the Potomac, and tomb 
of General George AVashington, and that it should be -'forever 
held sacred to the memory of the Father of his country." 

The Governor of Virginia was authorized to obtain a written 
contract from John A. Washington, for the purchase of the estate. 
Authority was given the Association to collect a fee of twenty-five 
cents for each and every person over ten years of age who may 
land at and visit Mount Vernon and the tomb of Washington. 

The move was for the Ladies of the South to raise the money, 
but Northern editors endorsed the work and claimed a part in it 
for the people of the North, since Washington belonged to the 
whole country. When it became understood that the money was 
all to be passed over to Virginia, for her to purchase and hold the 
property, objections arose and a new charter was applied for and 
obtained under date of March 19, 1858. The principal difference 
bi'twcen that and the first charter was, that the capital stock 
should not exceed five hundred thousand dollars, including the 
two hundred acres of land, and that the Mount Vernon Ladies' 
Association of the Union was authorized to hold the property in 
its own name, with the proviso that if it ceased to exist, the prop- 
erty should revert to the State of Virginia, to be held sacred to 
the memory of Washington. The clause authorizing the collec- 
tion of twenty-five cents from each visitor, was retained. Section 
8, of the original charter reads: — 



48 

"The (Tovernor of Virginia shall annually appoint and commis- 
sion live tit and propgr men, who shall constitute a board of 
visitors, whose diitj' it shall be to visit that place and examine and 
faithfully report to the Governor all the proceedings of said Asso- 
ciation, touching Mount Vernon, and the manner in which 
they comply or fail to comply with this act, and other laws of the 
land. The expenses of said board shall be paid out of the treas- 
ury of this commonwealth, in the same manner that the expenses 
of other boards of visitors are paid." 

A constitution, with by-laws, was brought into existence, but 
when, is not stated. Finding that an amendment to the by-laws 
was made at a meeting of the Association, held, in the city of 
Richmond, Virginia, April 26, 1858, I conclude that the consti- 
tution, with by-laws, was framed and adopted between the dates 
of March 19th and April 26, 1858. 

The constitution declares the officers of the Association to be a 
"Regent, Vice-Regents, as far as practicable from each State in 
the Union, and a Secretary and Treasurer. The Regent shall be 
the President of the Association and of the Grand Council, and 
the 'Southern Matron,' shall be the first Regent." [What is 
meant by the 'Southern Matron' I have not been able to learn. j 

The following defines who are members of the Association : 
"Any citizen of the United States, from whom the Regent, any 
of the Vice-Regents,- the Secretary, the Treasurer, or any local 
board, or authorized agent may, for that purpose, receive or 
recognize the receipt of the sum of one dollar, shall be a member 
of the Association ; and the payment of a further sum of one 
dollar, on or before the 22d of February, in any year, shall entitle 
a member to attend and vote at the annual meeting of the As- 
sociation of that year." 

Miss Ann Pamela Cunningham, Regent ; Anna Cora Ritchie, 
Vice-Regent for Virginia ; Louisa IngersoU Greenough, Vice-Regent 
for Mass.; Susan L. Pellett, Secretary; composed the meeting 
of April 26, 1858. 

It has been my ardent desire since I took charge of the National 
Lincoln Monument, to obtain reports and histories of all other 
places possessing similar attractions to the pul)lic. I wished to 
have them for the double purpose of keeping them here on file, 
that 1 might write hitelligibly concerning them, and avail myself 
of the advantages to be derived from a knowledge of their methods 
and to make it huire to the benefit of the National Lincoln Monu- 
ment Association. With all my efforts I have been unable to 
ascertain when the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association was organ- 



40 

ized, when it secured i)()ssessioii of the ^Touiit Vernon estate, or 
wiien they began to run a l;oat regularly from Washington to 
JMount Vernon, Failing to obti.in the desired information through 
the orticers of the Association, I inquired of a citizen of Wasliing- 
ton, informing him of the difficulties under which I labored, and 
asking his assistance. He readily gave me all the information 
he could, and then facetiously remarked that one reason why the 
Ladies did not respond more readily was, that perhaps they re- 
garded Washington not so much "the great American as the 
great Southerner." That reminded me of a tilt between two 
partisans before the rebellion, in which one cited Washington 
as an illustrious example as a slaveholder. The other retorted ; 
"Ah ! you forget to add that he set an equally illustrious example 
as an eniiincipator." This led me to moralize on the mistake of 
Washington, that he did not put his emancipation convictions 
nito practice during his life, when he could have given his freed 
slaves much valual)le counsel in the use of their liberty. 

This shrinking on the part of the Ladies, from confiding in the 
people, who have so generously furnished the means of accom- 
plishing their laudal)le purpose, is the more inexplicable, in view^ 
of the example of Bunker Hill Monument Association in freely 
pu])lishing its proceedings annually, especially when we remem- 
ber that Hon. Edward Everett, after years of the most efficient 
labor in building Bunker Hill Monument, contributed by his writ- 
ings and public lectures, more than one-third of two hundred 
thousand dollars for the purchase of Mount Vernon. 

By perseverence, 1 have, in addition to a copy each of the two 
charters, obtained a copy each of the constitution and by-laws ; 
"Opinion of Counsel;" of the proceedings of the Association and 
(Irand Council at the annual meetings for 18()(), IHl'l, 1878; Re- 
])ort of the Board of visitors on the part of Virginia for 1874 ; re- 
port and minutes of Council of the Association for 1875 ; frag- 
ment of report for 1876 ; report for 1877, 1878, 1879, 1880, 18S1 and 
1882. From w'hat there is in my possession I have reason to 
think that there were annual meetings and reports, as early if 
not earlier than 1864, 18()5, 1867, 18(i8, 18(;9, 1870, 1871, 1874, 187(), 
1888 and 1884. None of the last named have come into my 
possession. 

The Ladies have one peculiarity in tlieir manner of transact- 
ing business, the like of which is seldom or never done by any 
other deliberative bodv ; and I confess myself deficient in the 



50 

sagacity to see a good reason for it, I allude to tlie practice of 
printing two pamphlets for each year, containing nearly the same 
matter, the one under the title of "lieport of the Mount Vernon 
Ladies' Association of the Union ;" the other, "Minutes of Council 
of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union." In their 
proceedings the "Grand" frequently occurs before "Council." It 
impresses the writer that if all the business for each year was ar- 
ranged consecutively and printed in one pamphlet it would be 
more intelligible and less expensive. With these dual reports, 
and such other materials as I have, I will endeavor to give the 
reader some idea, however imperfect, of the workings of the Mount 
Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union. 

At a meeting of the Association held in Washington, D. C, 
Nov. 19, 1866, "the Kegent read her report, in which she stated that 
the receipts of the Association, since its organization, amounted 
to $246,211.28 ; and of this sum !^68,294.59, were received from 
the late Hon. Edward Everett — proceeds of his lectures and con- 
tributions to the New York Ledger. The entire purchase money, 
(i?200,000) has been paid, together with the interest that had 
accumulated on the deferred payments, and about $23,000 have 
been expended for necessary repairs to the mansion and out-build- 
ings." 

June 11, 1872, the Grand Council of the Mount Vernon Ladies' 
Association assembled at Mount Vernon, and remained in session 
five days. Twenty-one States were represented. A few quota- 
tions from their proceedings will give some idea of the business. 
The duties of the resident Secretary and Su])erinteudent were 
performed by the same person, on a salary of $1,500.00. 

"The Association derives its chief income from the profits of a 
daily boat, owned and run to Mount Vernon by Sykes& Hollings- 
head, and from sales on the place. An entrance fee of twenty- 
five cents is charged each person visiting Mount Vernon. To 
those coming on the boat, the fee is embraced in the fare charged ; 
in ^addition to which, the boat pays to the Association, as wharf- 
age, twenty-five per cent, of the actual passage money." 

"Amount received from boat from June, 1870, to June, 1872, 
$8,066.45. From sales, donations and collections from June, 
1870 to June, 1872, $3,036.06." 

Council of the Ladies Mount Vernon Association was held in 
Washington, D. C, May 13th, 1873, and continued until the 20th 
of the month. The Kegent reported that she had, in accordance 



51 

with direction of Council of 1872, made arrangements with David 
Paul Bi'own to write a history of the Association, hut tliat his 
sudden death had terminated it. For the fractional year, from 
July ] , 187'2 to May 1, 1878, the receipts from all sources were 
$3,894.(31; expenditures |;3,823.09. The Regent then read her 
farewell address in which she offered her resignation on account 
of declhiing health. 8he also recommended that Mrs, Lilly F. 
McAllister J3erghmans be recognized as the Regent jjro tern. 
Resignation accepted. Adjourned May 20th, to meet again at 
Mount Vernon, the first Tuesday in June, 1874. 

Failing to obtain a copy of the report of proceedings of the 
Association for 1874, I have only the report of the Board of 
Visitors on the part of Virginia to the Governor of that State. 
The chairman of the Board, Lieut. Governor H. W. Thomas, 
Says they attended the meeting of the Association June 2d, and 
found it in session. He recounts some of the circumstances of 
tlie ladies having raised i52<H),()00, paid for the estate, and of their 
having repaired and restored many of the old buildings. He 
sustains the ladies in their contract with the owner of a steamboat 
to land passengers at the Mount Vernon wharf, to the exclusion 
of all others, as the only means of obtaining an adequate and 
certain income. 

The Association met at Mount Vernon June 2, 1875. Minutes 
of 1874 were read, and the Regent. Mrs. Berghmans read her re- 
port, ni which she announces the death of the former Regent, 
Miss Cunningham. She says: "Many of you are probably 
aware of the annoyances to which we were subjected last summer 
from an opposition boat, the "Mary Washington," which by run- 
ning at reduced rates, took from our boat a great portion of the 
travel. Capt. Hollingshead and Col. Hollinsworth both represen- 
ted to me the impossibility of continuing to run the "Arrow"' at 
the prices originally agreed upon, namely $1.50 the round trip, 
and begged that I would authorize a reduction. In the interim 
of Council I was compelled to decide the matter, which I did, 
after taking relial)le legal advice, and authorized the reduction of 
the fare to $L00, which had the desired effect of soon compelling 
the other boat to withdraw from the contest. The same parties, 
however, with other sympathizers, then attacked us before the 
Virginia Legislature during its session, endeavoring to obtain an 
order for all boats on the Potomac to have the privilege of stop- 



52 

ping at the Mount Yernon wharf, which being our own property' 
we chiim the right to control — a right which is of v'tal moment to 
the support of Mount Vernon, The bill, which ^^as designed to 
injure us so deeply, passed the House of Delegates, but owing to 
the energetic opposition of the Board of Visitors to Mount Vernon, 
aided by Judge Ball, and the Vice Regent of West Virginia, who 
happily chanced to be in Richmond at that time, and made a con- 
vincing statement of the rights of the case before the committee 
to whom the bill had been referred, it was defeated by a large 
majority. 

" Voted, that each of the Old Thirteen States which furnished a 
room in the mansion, be permitted to place its coat-of-arms over 
the door of such ; and that the other States may have their coat- 
of-arms hung in the Martha Washington sitting room." 

Adjourned to meet May 16th, 1876, at six o'clock p. m. on board 

the steamer "Arrow," at the seventh street wharf, at Washington, 
D. C, thence to Mount Vernon. 

Association assembled at Mount Vernon, May IGth, 1876, and 
after a three days session adjourned May IDth. The transactions 
for this, the Centennial year, appears in the reports for next year. 

The following is a list of the officers of the Association for 1877, 
many of them holding over from 1876. 

BEGENT. 

Mrs. J. S. Laughton, Washington, D. C. 

. VICE-REGENTS. 

Mrs. M. J. M. Sweat, Portland, Maine, 

Mrs. M. p. J. Cutts, Brattleboro, Vermont, 

Mrs. a. W. Chase, Providence, Rhode Island, 

Mrs. S. E. J. Hudson, Stratfort, Connecticut, 

Mrs. J. V. R. Townsend, Albany, New York, 

Mrs. N. W. Halsted, Newark, New Jersey, 

Miss Emily Harper, Baltimore, Maryland, 

Mrs. Emma R. Ball, Leesburg, Virginia, 

Mrs. Ella B. Washington, Charlestown, West Virginia, 

Mrs. L. H. Walker, Leaksville, North Carolina, 

Mrs. L. H. Pickens, Edgefield, South Carolina, 

Mrs. p. ED(iEW0RTH Eve, Augusta, Georgia, 

Mrs. M. C. Yulee, Fernandina, Florida, 



53 

Mrs. C. H. P. Brown, Nashville, Tennessee, 

Mrs. Balfoir, Vicksburg, Mississippi, 

Mrs. Mary T. ]3arnks, Wasliinj^ton, District Colimihici, 

Mrs. M. H. Ward, Manhattan, Kansas, 

Mrs. C. L. Siott, Little Rock, Arkansas, 

Mrs. Martha Mitchell, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 

Mrs. liosA B. Jeffrey, Lexington, Kentucky, 

Mrs. Harriet Y. Fitch, Logansport, Indiana, 

Mrs. E. L. Broahwell, Cincinnati, Ohio, 

Mrs. ]\L a. Come(;ys, Dover, Delaware, 

Mrs. E. W. Barry, Chicago, Illinois, 

Mrs. M. G. Blandino, San Francisco, California, 

Mrs. a. p. Dillon, Davenport, Iowa. 

secret-vry of councils. 
Mrs. M. J. M. Sweat. 

RESIDENT secretary AND SUPERINTENDENT. 

Col. .). ^[cH. Hollin(;sworth. 

TREASURER. 

Georoe W. Kiggs, Washington, D. C. 

ADVISORY COMMITTEE. 

W. W. Corcoran, Washington, District Columbia, 
Gen. N. N. Halsted, Newark, New Jersey, 
Judge Charles B. Ball, Leesburg, Virginia, 
Clarkson N. Potter, New York, N. Y, 
Jud(;e J. P. Comegys, Dover, Delaware. 

board of visitors of VIR(iINIA FOR 1877. 

JuiHJE H. W.«Thomas, J. M. Forbes, 

FiTz Hugh Lee. B. P. Noland. 

a Council of the I\Iount Yenion Ladies' Association of the 
Union, was held at Mount Vernon, May '22d, 187 1. 

^Irs. Laughton, IJegent, read her report, in which she called 
special attention to the fact that the five years' steamboat contract 
would expire before their next meeting. Five different parties 
made proposals for carrying passengers daily to and from Mount 



54 

Vernon. The subject was referred to the Executive Committee. 
From the report of the Superintendent it may be seen that 
during the month of October, 1876, the number of visitors by boat 
was 13,0i0, and as a result of the Centennial travel, the income 
for that year was such that after paying all expenses, he \va,s en- 
abled to place about nine thousand dollars to the credit of the 
endowment fund. 

Although the Legislature of Virginia, by special act, after the 
Mount Vernon estate became the property of the Ladies' Associa- 
tion, made it exempt from taxation, it enacted a law, April 4th, 
1877, requiring the Association to pay the expenses of the Board 
of Visitors. At the request of the Association, that law was re- 
pealed in 1878. The river Potomac froze over and stopped the 
steamer, from December 10, 1876, until February 8th, 1877, thus 
cutting oit all income. Notwithstanding the loss of those two 
months, the total revenue received from May 1st, 1876 to May 1st, 
1877, was $'24,024.05, and the expenditures $14,79.5.15, leaving a 
balance of $9,228.90, which was added as previously stated, to the 
Endowment fund of $100,000, which the Ladies are aiming to 
raise, and had then brought up to about $28,000. 

The sale of photographic pictures of some of the choice views 
on and about Mount Vernon, has from the time the ladies began 
to restore it, furnished a considerable item of revenue. Having 
a clear title to the property, and being responsible to the public 
for the proper care of it, the audacity of an outside party claim- 
ing the right to enter the grounds and take views at will, is little 
if any short of what it would be to claim the right to take the 
crops growing on the grounds. Strange as it may seem, outside, 
parties did from the first, force their way in against the protests 
of those in authority and take views for the purpose of profiting 
by the sale of them. A letter from a friend, speaking of the un- 
bearable annoyance, says, that it was never attempted twice by 
the same party, and that a Superintendent, befcre Col. Hollings- 
worth's time, when his patience was exhausted, broke the instru- 
ments to splinters, belonging to a party who had come unbidden. 
The party to whom they belonged sued the Superintendent for 
damages and gained nothing but the privilege of paying the costs 
of his suit. 

The Superintendent, in his report for 1877, says that during 
August, 1876, "when no one but the servants were about the place, 
a party of men under the leadership of Dr. P. S. Howland, came 



to Mount Vernon, with the determination to obtain negative 
piiotograi^hs of the Mansion. TomI), andgroni^ds. Notwithstand- 
ing the remonstrances of servants, they persisted in th<'ir nnhiw- 
fnl intentions, making threats of personal injury, to which the 
servants can witness. I concluded that it was best to institute 
suit against the parties, which I did. Dr. Howland and others 
have been summoned to appear in courl. This suit is still pend- 
ing, and comes before the next court in Juue, 1877, when 1 ho])e 
it will be speedily settled. I have em])loyed able counsel for the 
Association, and have paid all preliminary fees. The question is 
an important one to us. The revenue from the sale of photographs 
has suffered very considerably in consequence of this trespass, a 
marked decrease being noticable. Photographs of Mount Vernon 
are now sold in different parts of Washington city, obtained un- 
k'uvfully from these negatives." Near the close of the meeting 
the Association passed th^ following : 

"liesolrcd, That the ladies of this Council desire to express 
their entire satisfaction at the manner in which Col. Hollings- 
worth has performed his duties as Superintendent, and to convey 
to him their especial thanks for the fidelity and success with 
which he has discharged the same during the Centennjalyear." 

After a session of seven days the Association adjourned May 
li'.lth, 1877. 

I\rount Vernon Ladies' Association assembled at Mount Vernon 
.1 line 11, 1878. 

Reports of the Regent and Sni)erintendent shows that in the 
matter of a new steam boat contract, Mount Vernon had enemies 
who prevented the purchase of a boat in every way suitable, and 
that it became necessary for Capt. L. L. Blake, to whom the con- 
tract had been awarded for five yetirs, from June 1, 1878, to June 
1. 188;i. for the exclusive right to land passengers at Mount 
Vernon wharf, to build a boat for that purpose. Consequently 
the follow ing advertisement appeared in the Washington papers : 

"notice to mount VERNON PASSENGERS. 

The steamer W. W. Corcoran, which has been recently l)uilt and 
fiunished, L. L. Blake, captain, is the only boat allowed to land 
])assengers at Mount Vernon wharf. Round trip $1 in(duding 
admission to Mansion and grounds. Steamer leaves Seventh 
street DAiiA—Sundays excepted— at 10 a. m., and return about 3 

r. M. J. McH. HdliLINGSWORTH, 

Supt. Ladies' Mount Vernon Association. 
L. L. Blake, Steamer W. W. Corcoran." 



56 

The Superiatendent recommended that a suitable uniform be 
adopted for the employes at Mount Vernon. He also reported 
that for the thirteen months, from May 1, 1877, to June 1, 1878, 
there had been 14,082 visitors, by boat, 1,262 by road gate ; that 
the total revenue for farm and garden products, lunch tables, sale 
of photographs, and for admission of visitors, was §10,692.89; 
and expenditures, !i?10,6o0.01. Of that amount, according to the 
ratio given in other places, the receipts for the admittance of 
visitors and wharfage, was §5,103.38. 

"The acting Eegent was requested to purchase a suitable book 
to be placed in the hall of the Mansion, for the registration of 
new membership. Said book to have on the title page the fol- 
lowing: 'Persons may become members of this Associotion by 
payment of one dollar and the insertion of their names in this 
book.' The proceeds of membership are appropriated to the En- 
dowment Fund." 

"A contract with Miss Johnson, for the sale of her guide book 
on the steam boat and at Mount Vornon, was read, accepted and 
signed by the acting Regent." 

Not finding any report of the trial of the parties who trespassed 
on Mount Vernon, by taking photographic negatives, I infer that 
it was satisfactory to the Association, and that its right to con- 
trol the taking of pictures was maintained, f tom the following : 

"Mr. Johnson, photographer, presented proposals for taking 
new and superior views of Mount Vernon, to be placed on sale, 
and a per centage allowed the Association. Referred to a com- 
mittee." 

"Voted that the Superintendent be authorized to provide a uni- 
form for the hands on the place ; said uniform to consist of a 
navy blue flannel blouse, with brass buttons, a wide leather belt 
with brass buckle, and black hat with blue band, marked 'Mount 
Vernon,' in gilt letters." 

"The State — New York — has presented the sum of $225.00 for 
a Burglar Alarm to be attached to the tomb of Washington, as 
an additional security to those precious remains." 

Adjourned, Saturday June 15th. 

Ladies' Mount Vernon Association of the Union, assembled at 
Mount Vernon, June 11, 1879. The Regent, Mrs. Lilly L. M. 
Laughton, not being present, Mrs. E. W. Barry, Vice-Regent for 
Ilhnois, was called on to preside. She opened the Council by 
reading of scripture, and the recital of the Lord's Prayer by the 
Ladies. 



The following are uxtracLs from the Supfriiiteiuluuts' report : 

"Since thiB meeting of the Council, fortheyear 1878, to June 1, 
1879, there have been 11,02() visitors to Mount Vernon. The 
revenue during that time has been, from all sources, ^9,54*2.11), 
and the exi)enditures, S8,874.()4.'' * * * "During the winter 
we were obliged to curtail our expenses by a reduction of seven 
on our pay roll, and I regret to say that the public took advant- 
age of the opportunity to tind fault." * * * «'I have planted 
eighteen acres in corn, eight in rye, seven in oats, ten in grass, 
and we have about one-half acre in potatoes, all of which arc 
very promising. The fruit crop piomises to be very abunthmt." 

The committee to whom the subject of photography w;is re- 
ferred, at the last annual meeting, made the following report : 

"To a member of your committee, 'Sir. Alex, (lardner, the late 
photographer of Mount Vernon, offered to present to the Associ- 
tion the negatives of Mount Vernon views now in his hands, 
when the Association makes their settlement with him. Several 
photographers were waited on ; three sent in their estimates to 
the committee : 

Dr. Jos. Jouy's estimate on cabinet size, $1 50 per dozen. 
Mr. Jarvis' " " " " 1 25 " 

N. G. Johnson's " " " " 1 20 " 

Other styles being in the same ratio. Mr. Johnson's being the 
lowest l)id, the contract was awarded to him, the work guaran- 
teed to be good and satisfactory. The Superintendent attended 
to drawing up the contract, wdiich was signed by your committee 
and approved by the Superintendent. It was for live j'ears 
from Oct. cS, 1S7H," 

Committee on post office, reported that a post otiiee had been 
established, and named "Mount Vernon-on-the-Potomac, Fair- 
fax county, Virginia," and that Col. Hollingsworth was the Post- 
master, and that Capt. Blake had the contract for carrying a 
daily nuiil for two years and nine months, from Oct. 1, 1S78. 

Mrs. E. W. Barry, of Chicago, Viee-Piegcnt for llHnois, in her 
efforts to furnish the room assigned to Illinois, in the Mansion at 
Mount Vernon, reported that, "In February, 1879 I presented 
a bill to our State Legislature, asking an appropriation of i?150 
for our Coat-of-Arms to be placed over the ,hall door of the Illi- 
nois room. A few days before I left home I received a telegram 
announcing its passage in both houses, followed by a letter from 
— 7 



58 

the Hon. E. B. Sherman, saymg at the close, '1 trust this small 
recognition, by the General Assembly, of your Association, will 
encourage you in your laudable endeavor.' " Mrs. Barry had 
learned that there was a chair in New York that belonged to 
that room, in Washington's time. She expressed her intention 
to have it reproduced in a full set, upholstered as it is with 
blue satin damask. "In furnishing the room, it is our intention 
to adhere scrupulously to the original, so far as it is possible to 
ascertain what that was." 

After a session of three days. Council adjourned. 

Mount Vernon Ladies' Association assembled at Mount Vernon, 
May 26, 1880. Mrs. Lilly L. M. Laughton, Regent, presiding. 
From the Superintendent's report we learn that the number of 
visitors, by boat, for the year ending May 1st, was 13,420, and by 
road 480. The receipts from all sources was $13,526.68, and ex- 
penditures $12,883.80. There are fifteen buildings requiring con- 
stant attention. "The number of residents on the estate, in- 
cluding the children of some of the servants, is nineteen," 
Decoration Day — May 29th — was observed at the tomb. "The 
iron gates were opened, the Ladies entered the enclosure and 
the Sarcophagi were soon covered with fresh flowers. Among 
them were some of the huge blossoms of the Magnolia tree 
planted by Washington, which seems each year to hurry for- 
ward in order to be ready, to thus do honor to its master." 

Adjourned June 1st, after a session of six days. • 
Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, assembled at 
Mt. Vernon, June 7, 1881. 

Superintendent reported, "the number of visitors for the year 
13,83i by boat, although the river was closed for seven weeks, 
and 350 by road. The revenue from all sources was $10,834,50, 
the expenses $10,232.68, leaving a balance in hand of $610.82." 
The following classification of the sources of revenue taken from 
the Superintendent's report, will be found interesting : 

From regular visitors by boat $4,704 68 

excursions by boat 229 75 

" visitors by land 89 75 

" lunch table .2,933 70 

" sales from greenhouse 383 35 

" of photographs 733 60 

" canes, farm produce, etc 616 79 



59 

By analyzing the above it will be seen that for each passenger 
by boat the Association receives thirty-four cents. They have a 
right under their charter to collect twenty-five cents, which is in- 
cluded in the fare paid on the boat. The other nine cents is 
doubtless paid by the boat for wharfage. The fact that with 
navigation closed seven weeks, only 8.50 visitors came by land 
(luring the year, to this National Mecca, is a sad commentary on 
the lack of enterprise in road-making, in a part of our country 
settled for more than two hundred years. Italy, Mexico or South 
America could not be worse. If the inhabitants were New Eng- 
land people, or if Mount Vernon was as near to Boston as it is to 
Washington City, that sixteen miles would be traversed by a rail- 
road, if it had to be cut the entire distance through solid granite. 
Tlien hourly trips would be made instead of daily, and thousands 
would visit Mount Vernon where hundreds go now. I take the 
liberty of s])eakiiig thus freely because I was almost to the manor 
born, my ancestors for three generations having been natives of 
old London County. Adjourned June 11, to meet again May 24, 
18M2. 

Blount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union, met May 24, 
1SS2. Council opened with reading of Scripture by the Regent 
and recital of the Lord's Prayer by the Ladies. Piegent read her 
report. 

In Kjieaking of the death of George W, Biggs, the Washington 
banker who was Treasurer of the Association, she referred to 
"the faithful and generous manner in which he stood by Mount 
Vernon in our dark days during the war, when all our resources 
were cut off, and he came to that never-to-be-forgotten Council, 
held in 1<S()4, and assured us that he would advance the money 
necessary to support Blount Vernon until our usual sources of 
revi-nue were opened to us. 

The Superintendent's report for the year closed with April 30, 
1H82. The number of visitors by boat was 14,893, and by land 
194. The revenue from visitors amounted to about S5, 110.00 
and from all sources $11,1)80.22, and the e\])enditures to 
$11,273.41. 

"The sum of $100 was voted by Council to be presented to Col. 
Hollingsworth, (Superintendent) as a testimonial of their appre- 
ciation of his constant and faithful service to the Association." 



60 

''Voted, That the Superintendent is hereby authorized to take 
a vacation of two weeks each summer upon leaving Mount Ver- 
non in charge of a suitable and responsible person during his 
absence." 

"Superintendent reported to Council that not long since a party 
of Naval officers, with ladies, landed at Mount Vernon, and when 
civilly requested to pay the usuul fee, refused to do so, churning 
that they were exempt from payment because belonging to the 
Navy. After some expostulation, they threw down the money in 
anger and went away. Council approved of Superintendent's 
action in exacting the fee." 

"The Fmanee Committee reported through Miss Emily Harper. 
Chairman pro tern, that the Superintendent's books and vouchers 
had been examined and found correct ; that the Committee had ex- 
amined the expenditures at the lunch table and recommended its 
continuance ; that examination had been made into sales and 
profits of photographs, and the result was less satisfactory.'' 

"The manner in which Mr. Johnson, the photographer, has ful- 
filled his contract with the Association not being satisfactory. 
Council revoked the permission granted him by the Committee 
on Photographs, to extend his sales beyond those made at Mount 
Vernon and on the boat." 

"The Superintendent was authorized to employ William Bold en 
to sell photographs at Mount A^ernon during the summer, and to 
pay him |15.00 per month." 

" The Association has found Captain Blake faithful in the dis- 
charge of his duties, attentive to the interests and dignity of the 
Association, and courteous in fulfilling all the proper expectations 
of visitors to Mount Vernon." His contract was extended five 
years, or until 1888. 

The frequent annoyances from parties claiming to be connected 
with the Navy, lauding at Mount Vernon wharf, and refusing to 
pay the entrance fee, caused the Regent to request the Secretary 
of the Navy to forbid such infnngement of the rights of the Asso- 
ciation. Secretary Chandler gave prompt orders that the evil be 
abated. The Association caused the following card to be printed 
in the Washington papers : 

"The frequent arrival of steam launches and private yachts 
at Mount Vernon, In-inging parties who land without being willing 
to pay the usual charge, has convinced the Ladies of the Mount 
Vernon Association, who have just closed their Annual Council, 
that some misapprehension must exist in the minds of the public, 
and they therefore publish the following notice, hoping that it 
will protect the Association from further infringement of its 
rights : 



"Whereas, No boat except the steamer W. W. Corcoran, which 
holds an exclusive contract with the Association, is entitled to 
land passengers at Mount N'ernon, therefore, if any such hoat 
shall come to Mount Vernon, it will only he ])ermitted to land 
passengers by jjaynient of tlie same amount, jxr nip'da, as that 
received upon the regular boat, (J^l.OO), two-thirds of which belong 
to the Captain of the W. W. Corcoran and one-third to the Mount 
\'ernon Association, for the maintainance of the i)lace.'' 

The sixteen ladies composing this Council of the Mount Vernon 
Ladies' Association of the Union, were Mrs. Lilly L. Macalester 
Laughton. of Philadelphia, Pa., Regent, and fifteen Vice-Pegents 
namely: Mrs. M. J. ^L Sweat, of Portland, Maine; Miss Alice 
M. Longfellow, of Cambridge, Mass, ; .Mrs. J. V. P. Townsend, of 
Albany, N. Y. ; Mrs. N. W. Halsted, Newark, N. J. ; Miss Euiily 
L. Harper, Baltimore, M. D. ; Mrs. Emma P. Pall, Pichmond, 
Va. ; Mrs. Ella B. Washington, Charlestown, West Va. ; Mrs. 
Letitia H. Walker. Leakesville, N. C. ; Mrs. Lucy IL Pirkens, 
Edgefield, S. C. ; Mrs. Philo(dea E. Eve, Augusta, (la. ; Mrs. Ella 
S. Herbert, ^Montgomery, Ala. After s])ending nine days in Coun- 
cil, the Association adjourned June 1st, to meet again May 25. 
1S88. 

The Ladies have done and are doing a noble work. There is 
no reason why it should not continue indefinitely, and if they 
would be more free in communicating with the people they would 
find it more profitable, and mutually agreeable to both parties. 

In answer to my inquiries of one who is in a position to know, 
comes the following responce : "There is no limitation to the ex- 
istence of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, but should it 
ever cease to exist, from any cause whatever, the property would 
revert to the State of Virginia. The question of making it free, 
however, has never been thought of." 



Bl'NKEP HILL MONUMENT ASSOCIATION. 

June 17, 1775. the battle of Bunker Hill was fought. If we re- 
gard the affairs of Lexington and Concord, on the 19th of April 
previous, as skirmishes, this was the first regular battle of the 
American Revolution. The British soldiers were commanded by 
Sir William Ilovve, and the American colonists by Colonel William 
Prescott, aided by Putnam, and Pomeroy and Stark and Peed 



62 

and Knowlton, and others equally as brave, The number en- 
gaged on the side of the British, was about four thousand regulars, 
besides seven ships of war. On the side of the colonists, there 
were about eighteen hundred. The loss in killed and wounded, 
was, on the side of England, ten hundred and fifty-four, and of 
the Americans, four hundred and forty-nine. 

Joseph Warren, a graduate of Harvard College, an eminent 
physician of Boston, Grand Master of the Masonic Grand Lodge 
of Massachusetts, President of the provincial congress of Massa- 
chusetts, and chairman of the committee of safety, had just been 
elected a Major-General, and might have assumed command, but 
he preferred carrying a gun, and entered the ranks as a volunteer. 
When the command was tendered to him by Colonel Prescott, 
who had done good service in the Indian wars, Warren declined, 
saying that he had come to learn the art of war from a veteran 
soldier. A friend entreated him, before entering the ranks, not to 
risk his life as a private soldier. He replied in Latin, "Sweet and 
graceful it is to die for one's country." He fell near the close of 
the battle, saying as he went down, "Fight on, my brave fellows, 
for the salvation of your country." 

After a struggle of eight years, the thirteen American colonies 
were acknowledged by England to be independent States. Until 
Independence was achieved, there was little time devoted to hon- 
oring the memory of those who had fallen in the conflict, but, 
"soon after the great evacuation day of Boston, March 17, 1776, 
the^body of General Warren was found, having been identified by 
Dr. Jeffries, in the loss of a joint of one finger, by a felon, and 
also by a peculiar tooth, a part of which had been broken off in 
early life. The body was re-interred, with solemn ceremonies, 
at King's Chapel, in Boston, April 8, 1776. A few years later. 
King Solomon's Lodge of Free Masons, in Charlestown, erected 
a monument of wood, eighteen feet high, to the memory of Gen- 
eral Warren and his associates, on the spot where he fell. It was 
dedicated in December, 1794, with appropriate ceremonies. Feb, 
3, 1796, the general court of Massachusetts passed an act for the 
protection and preservation of that monument. 

At the close of the Bevolution, a bridge was built across the 
mouth of Charles river, connecting the cities of Boston and 
Charlestown. The bridge was opened by a procession crossing it 
amid the booming of cannon, and a salute of thirteen guns, as 



63 

the ])roce8sion reached l^juiikcr Hill, where between 800 and 1,000 
])ers()ns sat down to a sinnptuous dinner. This ^vas done June 
17, 178(5, the eleventh anniversary of the battle, and the tirst ob- 
servance of the day. 

As the result of a quiet conference in 18'22, between William 
Tudor, Daniel Webster, Edward Everett, Thomas Handasyd Per- 
kins, and Dr. John Collins Warren, a nephew of the martyr, the 
latter purchased two and tliAe-quarter acres of the battle ground 
of Bunker Hill, and held it until a corporation could be created. 
In j\Iay, 1823, these five gentlemen with a number of others, held 
a meeting at which twenty-six gentlemen subscribed five dollars each 
as the preliminary steps to forming an association to secure the 
field of Bunker Hill, and erecting a monument on the same. IMay 
•28, 1828, a petition was presented to the Legishiture of Massa- 
chusetts for an act of incorporation for The Bunker Hill Monu- 
ment Association, which was passed and approved June 7, 182:}. 
The Association was organized by the election of officers, June 
17, 1823. Five dollars was established as the fee for membership, 
and twenty-five gentlemen, in addition to those who eflfecte'd the 
organization, were elected members that day. 

An act in aid of the Bunker Hill iMonument Association, 
approved Feb. 2r), 1825, appropriated labor in dressing the stone, 
by convicts in the State's prisons, to the amount of ten thousand 
dollars. The fifth section of that act provides for turning the 
Monument over to the State when it is completed, conditioned on 
the State making suitable provision for taking care of it. Under 
an act of eminent domain the Monument Association was enabled 
to secure fifteen acres of the Bunker Hill battle 'field, including 
that i)urchased by Dr. John C. Warren. The total cost was 
123,282.42. 

July 27, 1824, a standing committee of five was raised to man- 
age the affairs of the Association, in order to avoid the necessity 
of too frequent meetings of the whole body. That committee re- 
ported March 1, 1825, that it was thought advisable f(n- the Asso- 
ciation to avail itself of the presence of General Lafayette in this 
country to lay the corner stone of the Monument, June 17, 1825. 
Hon. Daniel Webster had been selected at the previous annual 
meeting, before the laying of the corner stone was thought of, as 
the orator for that annual meeting. He had also been elected, 
April 12th, to fill the vacancy by the death of ex-Governor John 



(U 

Brooks, the President of the Association. By this combination 
of circumstances Mr. Webster was both President of the Associa- 
tion and orator of the day at the laying of the corner stone. The 
Legislature of Massachusetts defrayed the expenses of all Pievo- 
lutionary soldiers who could be induced to come. One hundred 
and ninety were present, forty of whom were in the battle of 
Bunker Hill. 

June 17, 1825, the corner stone o§ Bunker Hill Monument was 
laid by John Abbott, Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Mass- 
achusetts. General Lafayette stood by, received the trowel from 
the Grand Master and spread the cement over the corner stone. 
'The Masonic apron he w'ore on that occasion is still preserved by 
the Association. Immediately after the corner stone was laid, 
Eev. Joseph Thaxter, who was chaplain to Col. Prescott's regi- 
ment and was present at the battle, just fifty years before, re- 
turned thanks for the past and invoked the blessing of God upon 
the new enterprise. An ode l)y Eev. John Pierpont was next 
sung. Then followed the oration. Mr. Webster was in the full 
prime of his manhood, and with the inspiring presence of Lafay- 
ette, the early friend of the struggling colonies, and twenty 
thousand of his fellow-citizens, who were carried away by his 
lofty sentiments, mingled into one mass, and "vvrought up as one 
man to the highest pitch of enthusiasm, W'hen, under the blessing 
of God, he bade the Monument "to rise until it meet the sun in 
his coming." 

One of Mr. Webster's successors as President of the Associa- 
tion, applied to him the couplet : 

"To those who know thee not, no words can paint; 
And those who know thee, know all words are faint." 

Dinner and toasts followed, and the festival closed by Mr. 
Webster offering : 

"Health and long life to General Lafayette;" 

which was responded to by the General with, 

"Bunker Hill, and the holy resistance to oppression, which has already enfran- 
chised the American hemisphere. The next half century's jubilee toast shall be. 
To ExnivNCHisED Europe." 

Mr. Webster presented the manuscript of his address to the 
Association, and it was readily sold for six hundred dollars. 

On the seventh of June, 1825, after a lengthy discussion as to 
the relative merits of a column or an obelisk, it was voted that 
the form be that of an obelisk, after a model placed before the 



Association by Horatio Greenough. The exact size and height 
was not determined until after the corner stone was hiid. Grcen- 
oiigh's phm was in the main carried out, but it was amended and 
enriched by the talents, taste and intkience of Loaniiui jjaldwin, 
one of the directors. 

At a meeting of the board of (hrectors July 5, lH2'j, it was 
definitely settled that the foundation should be 52 feet square and 
12 feet deep, the Monument MO feet scjiiare at the base, 1~) feet at 
the top and 220 feet high, and that it would cost $100,000. 

September 1st, 1825, the Treasurer reported the amount of 
subscriptions actually received was $54,433.07. The payments 
for land, lying corner stone and other expenses amounted to $29,- 
41H.08. He had placed S25.000 in bank at five per cent., and 
had in his hands $17.04. The directors voted to commence the 
work, anrl placed $25,000 at the disposal of the building com- 
mittee, consisting of Dr. J.-C. Warren, chairman, General Dear- 
born, Amos Lawrence, George Blake, and General Sullivan. 
Alexander Paris prepared the corner stone and personated the 
architect at the laying of the stone, and his name was inscribed 
on the plate as such. He also laid the foundation. At a meeting 
of the committee, October 81st, 1825, SolomanWillard was elected 
architect and superintendent. After a long search for the best 
material he found an inexhaustible (piarry of gray granite in the 
western part of the town of Quiu'-y, and that was the introduction 
of Quincy granite into Boston and all over the country. Blocks 
could be secured of suchniagnitudeas to make the courses thirty- 
two inches deep. The ledge was twelve miles from the site of the 
monument. A charter was granted March 4th, 1820, to a com- 
pany for the purpose of building a railroad to transport the gran- 
ite, which, it is asserted was the first railroad in the United 
States. The State of Massachusetts appropriated $7,000 in cash 
in place of the $10,000 formerly appropriated in convict labor, 
because it was impracticable to work the convicts so far from 
the prison at Charlestown. A loan of $25,000 was eliected, and 
when all was expended, amounting to $56,525.19, the monument 
had reached the height of thirty-seven feet and four inches, and 
in February, 1829, work was reluctantly suspended and all hands 
discharged. During the year 1829, the ladies of the State, for 
the first time, made a move on their own account, and raised by 
subscription $2,225.38, which was placed at interest. During a 
—8 



66 

suspension of five years, a part of the land was sold, to the deep 
regret at the necessity, of all concerned, and the loan was paid 
off. 

Five dollars having very early been agreed upon as the amount 
necessary to secure a membership certificate, many of them were 
held by parties who seldom or never attended business meetings 
of the Association. The anti-masonic excitement growing out of 
the alleged abduction of William Morgan in 1826, culminated in 
the formation of a political party. The anti-mRsonic party, op- 
posed to all secret societies, yet by secret means rallied such of 
these dormant members as answered their purpose, and at the 
annual meeting, June 17th, 1831, elected a sufficient number of 
directors to come very near getting control of the Association, but 
all this was reversed the next year, terminating the only effort to 
identify it with a political party. 

Under the influence of Paul Revere, the patriot leader who 
carried the news that the British soldiers were on the march from 
Boston to Lexington, and aroused the farmers the night before 
the battle at the latter place, April 19th, 1775 ; a society was 
established in Boston, in 1795, called the Massachusetts Chari- 
table Mechanics' Association, for improvement in arts and manu- 
factures, the charitable care of fellow members overtaken by mis- 
fortune, and for social intercourse. Amos Lawrence, one of the 
wealthiest merchants of Boston, and a member of both the B. H. 
M. Association and the M. C. M. Association, proposed that if 
the latter would aid in raising $50,000 for the completion of the 
monument, he would give |^5,000 of the amount and would con- 
tribute a like amount to the Mechanics association when it was 
ready to build an edifice for itself. Impelled by the impetus of 
this offer the Mechanics Association raised $16,000, which with 
the ladies' fund amounted to about $20,000, Under the auspices of 
the Charitable Mechanics' Association, work was resumed on the 
monument June 17th, 1834, and continued until November, 1835, 
when it reached the altidude of 85 feet. From this time the 
president of the Charitable Mechanics' Association has always 
been elected the first vice president of the B. H. Monument 
Association. 

Following this suspension of the work, the people of the United 
States passed through a financial hurricane extending from 1830 
to 1840, such as they had never experienced before. At the Annual 



r.7 

meetins: of the Associatiitn, Jmu' 17th, 18H9, it wiis resolved to ad- 
journ to July 1st, when a resolution was passed instruetin<^' the 
directors to inau^nirate measures to raise funds for (•onii)letin^' the 
monument. At a meeting of the Association, June 17th, IH-IO, 
President Buckin^diam said there were two gentlemen wilHng to 
contribute len thousand dollars each, when a sufUcient amount 
should be raised from other sources to complete the monument, 
which would require about forty thousand dollars. It was known to 
the Association that a consideralde number of the most intlueutial 
ladies of Boston were Milling to engage in a Fair for the purpose of 
raising funds for the completion of the monument. At a meeting, 
July *25th, a resolution was passed authorizing the Fair to be 
held the second week in September. The most intense activity 
prevailed from that time among all classes of both ladies and 
gentlemen, and on the 8th of September, 1840, the Fair 
opened in (^uincy Hall, a structure 882 feet long and 47 feet wide. 
It was entirely under the management of the ladies, and the arti- 
cles sold were chiefly the products of their own handiwork, and 
were sold at fair prices, giving change as in regular business. A 
daily paper entitled "The Monument," edited by Mrs. Sarah J. 
Hale, aided by its sales and advertisements to swell the funds. 
A post office was another unique institution. It was not for re- i 
ceiving, but distributing only. "One had only to give his name 
in full, and sure enough there was an excellent letter in waiting 
for him, properly addressed, for which he had to pay twenty -five 
cents postage, as it had come all the way to Boston from Fairy- 
land." This was during the log-cabin and hard cider campaign, 
the most exciting Presidential election ever held. 

The net ])roceeds of the Fair, which lasted eight days, was 
$30,0D0, which with $10,000 each from Amos Lawrence of lioston, 
and Judah Touro, was sufficient to complete the monument. Mr. 
Touro was a native of Providence, Pthode Island, son of a Jewish 
priest there. He commenced business in Boston, but went to 
New Orleans, where, in mercantile business, he became a million- 
aire, and was living there when he made the liberal donation to 
the Monument Association. He participated in the battle of 
New Orleans, January 8th, 1815, and was wounded nigh unto 
death. 

Previous to this time, or during the two former stages of the 
building, the work had all been done by day labor. "Undoubtedly 



68 

the best and most economical method of executing pubhc or pri- 
vate works, is by honest day hibor under competent and faithful 
supervision." But now the public feeling was decidedly in favor 
of having the building of that part from 85 feet up to 220 feet, 
done under a contract that would come within the means at the 
command of the Association, and witlnn a specified time. Ac- 
cordingly, the directors entered into a contract with James Sulli- 
van Savage, Nov. 4, 1840, to complete the Monument for $43,800, 
according to the design drawn by Solomon Willard, and under 
his direction as an architect. A building committee was ap- 
pointed, consisting of Charles Wells, George Darracott, John P. 
Thorndike and Charles Leighton. Charles Wells, as chairman 
of that committee, visited the Monument every working day dur- 
ing the twenty-one months the work was in progress, and the 
other members of the committee gave him the most faithful co- 
operation and assistance. 

"On Saturday July 23, 1842, at six o'clock in the morning, 
pursuant to public notice, the directors and several hundred citi- 
zens assembled on Bunker Hill to witness the laying of the top- 
stone upon the Monument. As the clock struck six, a signal gun 
was fired by the members of the Charlestown Artillery, and the 
cap-stone, which had been previously adjusted to hoisting appa- 
ratus connected with the steam engine, niimediately began to 
ascend. It was surmounted by the American tiag. In sixteen 
minutes the cap-stone reached its destination. At half past six 
it was embedded in cement, and a National salute tired announc- 
ing the completion of the Monument." 

Mr. Savage was a practical stone mason, and had worked on 
the Monument under Mr. Willard, during the first two stages of 
the building. Dr. Warren, in his history of the Monument, page 
217, says: "Mr. Savage is authority for the statement that the 
men employed to work upon the Monument were all called total 
abstinence men, and that not a drop of intoxicating liquor was 
ever drank, during the three periods of its construction, by those 
engaged thereon." 

The Monument having been completed, the next thing in order 
was to dedicate it. . Hon. Daniel Webster was invited to deliver 
the address of dedication, on the 17tli of June, 1843, eighteen 
years from the time he had delivered the oration at the laying of 
the corner stone, and the sixty-eighth anniversary of the battle of 
Bunker Hill. It was Saturday, the same day in the week on 
which the battle was fought, and it was clear and beautiful. In 



69 

the presence of thirteen of the soldiers who had fouf^dit in tlie 
hattle there, and ninety-tive others who Inid louj^dit in some of 
the battles of the Revolution, the President of the United States, 
with his cabinet, the Governors of several of the States, and fifty 
thousand citizens, after ])rayor by Rev. George E. Ellis, D. D., 
President Ikickingham presented Mr. Webster to the audience, 
when he was greeted with deafening cheers. Eirst congratulat- 
ing the Association on the grand Monument, he reviewed the 
origin of the Nation's Independence, that our fathers had brought 
with tlu'm, the Bible, and the literature and best institutions of 
the Old World, escaping its local customs and fetters, and had 
planted here the principles of representative government. Sum- 
ming up all we had gained and achieved, he said : "I would that 
the fifty thousand voices present could proclaim it with a shout 
which should be heard over the globe." Dr. John C. Warren, one 
of the committee of arrangements, had exi)ressed the opinion that 
the orator could not possibly come up to his effort of 1825, at the 
same place, but after it w^as over, he declared with great delight, 
"Mr. Webster has surpassed himself!" 

After the services at the Monument, a sumptuous dinner was 
served at Faneuil Hall, after which came the feast of reason. 

The tirst toast was : 
'The Battle of J3uuker Hill— Freedom fell, but Liberty triumphed." 

In res ponce the whole com])any, standing, sang to the tune of 
Old Hundred, two stanzas prepared for the occasion. 
The second toast was : 

"TliH Monument— The proiul Memorial of a defeat, glorious to the vanquished, 
and of a victory fatal to the con(inerers." 

There were other excellent toasts and responses, but it is some- 
what remarkable, considering the efficient aid of the ladies, that 
no allusion to it or them was offered. Something like the follow- 
ing would hav,e heen appropriate : 

"Woman— The cap-sheaf of Creation, it was fitting and proper that she should 
iiave furnished the means for putting the cap-stone on the Monument." 

The fifth toast came : 

■'The Orator of the Day— If we would Hml his o(iual in eloquence and patriotism, 
we must be permitted to exercise liberally the tigiit which he has refused to the 
most powerful Notion on earth, "The Kight of Seakch. " 

That toast was a happy allusion to the fact of England and the 
United States having learned to settle their differences by diplo- 
macy rather than war, which was brought about by Mr. Webster, 



70 

as Secretary of State, in a letter to Lord Ashburton, repmliating 
forever the right claimed by England to search xlmerican vessels 
for British seamen. 

A letter from Gov. Marcus Morton, alluding to the two most 
liberal benefactors of the Association, Amos Lawrence and Judali 
Touro, contains both the spirit of a toast and response : 

"Amos and Judah, venerated names, 
Patriarch and Prophet press their eiiual claims. 
Like generous coursers, running neelv and neck, 
Each aids tiie work by giving it a check. 
Christian and Jew, they carry out one plan. 
For though of different faith, each is in heart a man." 

According to previous agreement, the building committe mad^ 
arrangements with King Soloman's Lodge of Free and Acceptei 
Masons to put a marble copy of their first monument erected oi 
the battle field, within the completed Monument, which was don 
June 24, 1845, by the Grand Lodge of Massachusetts, with im 
posing cermonies. 

After the Monument was dedicated the building committee wa 
continued for three years. A second contract was made with M: 
Savage, under which he held possession of the Monument, wit 
the right to take the usual fees from visitors ; and for this privi 
ege he laid a granite walk ten feet wide on each side of the Moi 
ument, erected an iron fence on the outer line of the same, an 
also laid a brick sidewalk on the streets upon the four sides ( 
the square. The visitor's fees amounted to a much larger sui 
than the committee had supposed possible. Mr. Savage retaine 
the steam engine that was used for hoisting stone, from tl: 
beginning of his contract, for the purpose of raising a passeng( 
car to the top. That is believed to have been the first instanc 
in the history of the world where steam was utilized as a moti% 
power in hoisting materials in building a monument. Tiie h 
for those who ascended on foot was twelve and a half cents ; fc 
those who used the car, twenty cents. The building committe( 
in their report for June 17, 1845, say that, "From the commenc( 
ment of Mr. Savage's contracts to the end, he has appeare 
desirous to give satisfaction, and to exert his best efforts for tb 
fulfillment of his engagements, and your committee beheve th? 
the work is faithfully and satisfactorily done." 

George Washington Warren, from whose admirable history c 
the l)unker Hill Monument Association I have drawn liberally i: 
these notes, after having served as Secretary eight years, becam 
President of the Association in 1847. 



71 

June 17, 1850, the seventy-fifth anniversary of the hattle was ob- 
erved by a public procession and an oration by Hon. Edward 
jverett, who was then president of Harvard College. After the 
ration, twelve hundred invited guests and subscribers to the 
3stival sat down to a bountiful and elegant dinner that had been 
pread in a large hall. That day Col. T. H. Perkins, ex-Presi- 
ent of the Association, offered SI, 000 towards the erection of a 
lonument on Bunker Hill to General Warren, which it whs after- 
i^ards decided should be in the form of a statue. Subscriptions 
^ere raised from various sources sufficient to complete it, and it 
'^as dedicated June 17, 1857, with imposing cermonies, that being 
tie eighty-second aniversary of the battle. 

October 19, 1860, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales and heir 
pparent to the British throne, with his full suite, visited the 
lonument. That the visit was on the 79th anniversary of the 
arrender of the British General, Cornwallis, to General Wash- 
igton at Yorktown, was purely accidental, but not a little remark- 
ble. For the first time the British ensign was displayed from 
he to]) of the Monument, by the side of the American ffag. On 
eeing this the Prince said : "This Monument was not erected for 
ur glory." President G. W. Warren replied : "True, your High- 
ess, but it marks the birth of a kindred Nation, which will ever 
wn its affection for the mother country, and as an ally will prove 
s valuable as though she were still a part of her." To this his 
loyal Highness gave his cordial assent. A memorial of this visit 
ras prepared, and a copy on parchment was sent to the Prince, 
nd one retained by the Bunker Hill Monument Association. 

W^hen armed treason trampled the stars and stripes under foot» 
he Bunker Hill Monument Association determined to exalt the 
lag of the Nation above the summit of the ^Monument erected to 
ts glory. A mast seventy feet long, surmounted by a gilt ball, 
i^as prepared and bolted to the upper courses of the Monument, 
o that a flag of the largest size might clear its apex. On the 
Qorning of June 17, 1861, a large concourse of citizens assembled 
,t the base of the Monument, and after appropriate preliminary 
ervices. President Warren called on Governor John A. Andrew to 
mlurl the flag. The Governor closed a most patriotic and thrill- 
ng address with this apostrophe to the American flag: "Ee- 
ipected it shall be in Charlostown, Massachusetts ; and in Char- 
eston. South Carolina ; on the Mississippi and on the Penobscot ; 



72 

in New Orleans as in Cincinnati ; in the Gulf of Mexico as in 
Lake Superior, and by France and England, now and forever. 
Catch it, ye breezes, as it swings aloft; fan it, every wind that 
blows, clasp it in your arms and let it float forever as the starry 
sign of Liberty, now and forever, one and inseparable." With these 
last words the Governor pulled a cord which loosened the flag, 
and it spread out large and beautiful to the morning breeze. 
Gilmore's Band played the Star Spangled Banner, America was 
sung, and patriotic speeces were made. The flag was many times 
displayed during the war, and for the last time, Nov. 26, 1866, 
on the day set apart for National Thanksgiving for the termina- 
tion of the great rebellion. 

The observance of the Centennial of the Battle of Bunker Hill 
was talked of for years before. It was a fortunate circumstance 
that by an act of the Legislature, submitting the question to the 
suffrages of the people, the two cities of Boston and Charlestown 
voted at the State election of 1873 to unite. The union was af- 
fected on the flrst Monday in January, 1874. The City Council 
of the united city of Boston, appropriated thirty-five thousand 
dollars to be expended in observing the Centennial. Preparations 
were actively prosecuted during the entire year before. The State 
of Massachusetts made liberal provision for the entertainment of 
distinguished guests, and authorized the Governor to order a re- 
view of all the volunteer troops of the State, on the day of the 
celebration, and declared the 17tli of June a legal holiday for that 
year. 

The construction of a granite lodge, or Memorial room, to take 
the place of the wooden one, has been under consideration since 
1848. Funds have been accumulating for the purpose. In 1837, 
the Association sold ten acres of its land to pay a debt of $25,000. 
In 1876, that land was assessed at $608,800, having increased in 
value nearly twenty-five fold, and all must regret that the whole 
fifteen acres could not have been retained and embellished as a 
park. , 

Taking a retrospective view, we find that twenty-four citizens 
of ]\[assiichusf'tts were authorized by an act of the Legislature, 
approved June 7, 1823, to organize the Bunker Hill Monument 
Association. The organization was effected June 17, 1823, by ac- 
cepting the act of incorporation, electing twenty-five additional 
gentlemen to membership, choosing a board of twenty-five direc- 



7B 

tors, electing ofKeers and establishing five dollars as the fee for 
niemhership. Many of the members admitted between the organ- 
ization of the Association and the completion of the Monument, 
are yet living, and they are all entitled to take part in the busi- 
ness meetings, upon presentation of their certificates, but the list 
having been lost, the exact number of members cannot be known. 
From 1844, the year after the Monument was dedicated, until 
18()'2, not a new member was admitted, — the Association seemed 
to think thiit all that remained to be do^ie was lor the old mem- 
bers to die off. In the latter year a by-law was enacted providing 
that new members might be admitted by a vote of the Association 
upon the nomination of the directors or the standing committee, 
retaining the rule to require a membership fee of .five dollars. A 
new and more simple form of membership certificate was adopted. 
The following is a blank copy of the same : 

"Be it made known by us, the President, Treasurer and Secre- 
tary of the Bunker Hill Monument Association, instituted in 
1828, for the pur])ose of commemorating the early events of the 
American Bevolution, by the erection of a Monument on the 
ground where the action of Bunker Hill was fouglit, and by the 
appro])riate commemoration of the glorious anniversary of the 
17th of June, 111'), that has been ad- 
mitted to be a member of this Association. In witness whereof 

we have signed our names to this diploma on this 

day of in the year of our Lord 

and of the Independence of the United States of 

America, the 

President. 

Treasurer. 

Secretary." 

After the new certificate was adopted in 1802, additional mem- 
bers were received every year, and from that time until the Cen- 
tennial of the battle, about 250 associate members w-ere elected, 
and down .to and including the annual meeting of 18S4, the num- 
ber admitted was 448. The number of actual living members is 
something more than that number, for the Secretary says : 
''There are many old members of 1823 to 1842, still living, who 
are entitled to all the ])rivileges of new members ; but the list has 
been mislaid, and we never know the exact number of members." 
—9 



74 

Lafayette and Simon Bolivar were the two first honorary mem- 
bers elected by the Association, and down to the Centennial year 
of the battle, seventy-four honorary members had been admitted, 
none of whom were living who had been admitted previous to 
1868. The number admitted down to the close of the annual 
meeting for 1884, was eighty-five, the last one being our own 
George Bancroft, the historian. Among those from foreign coun- 
tries, admitted as honorary members, was General Lafayette, 
Simon Bolivar, Dom Pedro, Guiseppe Garibaldi, Oscar Lafayette, 
Edmond de Lafayette and the Marquis de Kochambeau. 

The Centennial of the battle of Bunker Hill was observed June 
17th, 1875. A business meeting of the Association was held 
June 5th, when seventy-six new members were admitted, and 
arrangements made for omiting the business meeting on the 
anniversary, by an adjournment to June '23d, when thirty more 
new members were admitted, making the whole number of living 
associate members two hundred and twenty-four. At each 
annual meeting every member may take part in the transaction 
of the business. At this meeting the election of officers takes 
place, consisting of one President, five Vice-Presidents, one 
Treasurer, one Secretary and fifty Directors. The Board of 
Directors, with the President and Vice-President, select a stand- 
ing Committee of ten. They, with the President, Secretary and 
Treasurer of the Association, the three latter of whom are ex- 
ofificio members, make the standing Committee number thirteen. 
The ordinary business is transacted by the standing Committee, 
except when the entire board of directors is called together. 
The President of the Association is always chairman of the stand- 
ing Committee. Since the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanics' 
Association came to the aid of the Bunker Hill Monument 
Association in 1833, the President of the former has always been 
elected first Vice-President of the latter. 

The total cost of the Bunker Hill Monument was $133,694.83. 
From the time it was completed in 1843, there has been a stated 
fee taken for the admittance of visitors. I have not the statement 
for every year, but I find the following in tabulated form. 



YEAR. RECEIPTS. EXPENSES. 

18(il>«7 ^5:194 70 !§1,6()5 71 

18()7-68 5,in'l 40 l,mi\ 71 

18f)8-61) f;,102 80 1,775 U 

18()9-70 5,74;! 50 2,055 5^^ 

1870-71 5,007 40 2,294 48 

1871-72 5,265 40 2,727 10 

1872-78 5,888 80 2,(U5 59 

The following are the statements by the Custodian of B. H. 
Monument in the last eleven annual reports. 

From June 2(1, 1878, to May 80th, 1874— 

24.457 adults visited at 20 cents each $4,891 40 

889 children at 10 cents each 88 90 

Total 4,975 80 

VoY the year ending May 81st, 1875 — 

24.1(;9 adults at 20 cents each $4,833 80 

997 children at 10 cents each 99 70 

Total 4,988 50 

For the year ending May 81st, 1876 — 

28,884' adults at 20 cents each ' $4,666 80 

1,029 children at 10 cents each 102 90 

Total 4,769 70 

For the year ending June 1st, 1877 — 

22,766 adults at 20 cents each : $4,553 00 

791 children at 10 cents each 79 10 

Total 4,632 30 

l'\)r the year ending June 1st, 1878 — 

18,606 adults at 20 cents each $8,721 20 

946 children at 10 cents each 94 60 

Total 8,815 80 

For the year ending May 31st, 1879 — 

19,538 adults at 20 cents each $3,906 60 

752 children at 10 cents each 75 20 

Total 8,981 80 

For the year ending May 31st, 1880 — 

25,279 adults at 20 cents each $5,055 80 

921 children at 10 cents each 92 10 

Total 5,147 90 

For the year ending May 81st, 1881 — 

2(;,080 adults at 20 cents each $5,216 00 

243 children at 10 cents each 24 30 

Total 5,240 30 



76 . 

For the year ending May 31st, 1882 — 

30,219 adults at 20 cents each |6,043 80 

448 children at 10 cents each 44 80 

Total 6,088 60 

For the year ending May 31st, 1883 — 

28,047 adults at 20 cents each $5,609 40 

167 children at 10 cents each. . . 16 70 

Total 5,626 10 

For the year ending May 31st, 1884 — 

30,357 adults at 20 cents each $6,071 40 

367 children at 10 cents '. 36 70 

Total 6,108 10 

The fees for the admission of new members. 

June 9th 1874, fourteen members $ 70 00 

" 17th 1874, twenty members 100 00 

" 5th and 23d, 1875, ninety members 450 00 

1876-77, fourteen members 70 00 

1877-78, eighteen members 90 00 

1880-81, twenty-six members 130 00 

1881-82, forty-seven members 235 00 

1882-83, forty-five members 225 00 

1883-84, twenty-nine members 145 00 

The Bunker Hill Monument Association has always been com 
posed of men of the Very highest culture and of the most exalted 
patriotism. Professors of Harvard College, lawyers, physicians, 
statesmen, and men of the highest learning combined with prac- 
tical knowledge in mechanics and ciA'il engineering, merchants, 
mechanics and business men of all classes, have one and all 
devoted their time, talents and money to the interests of the 
Association. Daniel Webster delivered two grand orations on its 
behalf, one while he was its President, at the laying of the corner 
stone, June 17, 1825, and again at the dedication, June 17, 1843. 
Edward Everett served it many years as Secretary and President, 
delivered orations at a number of annual celebrations, and in the 
raising of money on various occasions. Hon. Charles Devons, 
Jun., delivered an oration at the Centennial celebration, June 17, 
1875, that was seldom, if ever, surpassed in any language or any 
occasion. 

Solomon Willard, one of the most accomplished architects, 
gave eighteen years devoted service free of charge, and $1,000 in 
cash, towards the Monument, and it is asserted by the members 



77 

of the Association, that the entire cost is many thousands of dol- 
lars less than it would otherwise have been, all owing to the in- 
telligent and liberal supervision by Mr. Willard. Such was his 
habitual liberality as to draw from Edward Everett the remark, 
that "he wanted to do everything for everybody for nothing." 

Charles - Wells, George Darracott, John P. Thorndike and 
Charles Leighton, were the building committee who supervised 
the work in carrying out the contract of Mr. Savage, in building 
the Monument from Ho up to 221 feet, one and a half inches, the 
exact height of the Monument as found by actual measurement, 
while the scaffolding was around it for the purpose of repairs, in 
October, 1882. The consequence of such faithful supervision was, 
that for thirty years after the Monument was dedicated, there 
was not a dollar expended for repairs. A thorough repairing and 
painting in 1H82, nearly forty years after it was erected, cost less 
than eight hundred dollars. 

As long as there was any Kevolutionary soldiers, the State of 
Massachusetts made it a point to pay the expense of gathering 
them whenever there was any important demonstration at the 
?\[onument, besides the liberal appropriation she made in build- 
ing it, and for the entertainment of distinguished guests from 
abroad at the laying of the corner stone, at the dedication and at 
the Centennial celebration. With her one and three-quarters 
million population, and great wealth, she could make access to 
the Monument free and not feel it, but she does not choose to do 
so, recognizing the fact that the small fee of twenty cents is not 
a burden to the poorest, and that it makes each one who pays 
that amount feel that they have a vested interest in it. 

The cities of Charlestown and Boston have always made liberal 
provision for any public demonstration connected with the Monu- 
ment, and the united city of Boston manifested her liberality by 
appropriating thirty-live thousand dollars to be used in celebrat- 
ing the Centennial of the Battle of Bunker Hill. W^ith her 
population of four hundred thousand, she could defray the ex- 
pense of caring for the Monument, but she doubtless comes to 
the logical conclusion that when her citizens become so mercen- 
ary that they will not bear the test of twenty cents for a 
visit to this hallowed spot, it will be time to turn it over to the 
Government, to support a light to guide the commerce of the 
world into her harbor. 



78 

George Washington Warren, President of the Association, in 
his annual address for 1874, referred to the provision in the 
charter for turning the Monument over to the iState of Massa- 
chusetts, also to a suggestion that had been made the previous 
year, to turn it over to the city of Boston, but he came to the 
conclusion that there was work for the Association to do that would 
last an(^ther generation, and there was no move for disbanding it. 
President Warren referred to the subject again in his address 
before the annual meeting in June, 1875, the Centennial year : 
"This Association was intended to be a permanent l)ody, having 
for its object, besides the erection of the Monument, the celebra- 
tion of this anniversary, as well as the collection and preserva- 
tion of documents and relics illustrative of our Revolutionary 
epoch, and the procuring of statues, busts, or portraits of the dis- 
tinguished heroes of the time. I trust that this purpose will be 
carried out, and that our Monument will be surrendered neither 
to the State nor the City." 

From the report, for 1883, of the standing committee, of which 
Hon. F. W. Lincoln is chairman, I make the following extract : 

"It is "forty years, on this' anniversary, since the celebration of 
the completion of the Monument, with imposing ceremonies, and 
the second great oration of Mr. Webster. It is manifest that, as 
time rolls on. the Monument itself, and the event which it com- 
memorates, lose no interest to the American people, or to the 
lover of free institutions from other lands. The organization 
which has it in charge, and whose functions is to keep alive, in 
tangible forms, its sacred memories, never was in a more pros- 
perous condition. Each year adds to its number the men of this 
generation, who, in honoring the deeds of the Fathers, carry with 
it also the assurance that the principles for which they fought 
are still believed to be the crowning glory of the Republic, and 
the true test of American citizenship." 

Having a desire to learn from the experience of others, I wrote 
to the veteran Custodian, J. B. Goodnow, who is seventy-three 
years old and has been forty years in charge of Bunker Hill Mon- 
ument, asking him such questions as I thought would draw out 
the desired information. In his reply of Dec. 20, 1883, he says: 
"I send you our last yearly report, by which you will see there 
has been no change in the fee," (twenty cents). From his letter 
of Jan. 12, 1884, I make this extract: "You ask me if some vis- 
itors do not complain about paying a fee. Some do, not many 
when I tell them how it is conducted. Some clear out — will not 



79 

go lip. They think it should be free, however, I flo not, for T think 
it is better as it is, than to belonji to the City or State, 

A note from Mr. A. C. Fearin<f, Jr., Secretary of the B. H. 
Monument Association says : "The Monument is kept in better 
order and less expense than if the State or City had charge of it." 

T applied to Hon. F. W. Lincoln, one of the Vice-Presidents of 
the Association, for publications relating to the Monument. He 
referred the matter to the Secretary, who sent me their annual 
reports for ten years. He also wrote a note to Mr Lincoln, who 
sent it to me with one of his own. The following is the letter of 
the Secretary. 

"Boston, January 28th, 1884. 
"Hon. F. W. Lincoln, 

"Dear Sir: — I will send Mr. Power a package of reports as re- 
quested. And in answer to his inquiries would say that Mr. 
Goodnow, our superintendent, informs me that there are a few 
visitors who complain of the charge for admittance, and think 
that the ^[onuraent should be free to all, but they are usually 
satisfied with his explanation that all the receipts are used to pay 
the expenses. There has never been any public complaint. I 
have never seen a letter on our files, or any newspaper article on 
the subject. As one-third of our visitors are from Massachusetts, 
we should ci'rtainly have heard of it if there had been a general 
comi)laint, 1 do not remember any move made to have the City 
or State assume the expense and management of the Monument, 
excepting a suggestion made in 1878, as stated in Mr, Warren's 
report .for 1874, but no discussion was held and no action taken 
on the subject. The Centennial of 1875, and the inaguration of 
the Prescott Statue in 1881, renewed the interest in the Associa- 
tion. Our own members, and I think the public, would prefer that 
the management of the Monument should remain with the Asso- 
ciation. 

Very respectfully yours, 

A. C. Fearing, Jr., Secretary.-' 

With the above letter came one from Hon. Frederick W. Lincoln 
under the date of 

"Boston, February 12th, 1884. 
"Mr. J. C. Power. 

"Dkar Sir :-— Yours of the 17th of January, together with some 
photographs of the Lincoln Monument were received, for which 
accept my thanks. 1 enclose a note from our Secretary which I 
heartily endorse. I think it wouki be the best plan to keep the 
Monument in your own organization, if in some way you can secure 
the funds for the necessary expenses. If you have a sufficient 



80 

balance over, from which you could draw an mcome when funded, 
or could obtain an annual grant from the Legislature, or charge 
fees for admittance, this end may be attained. To perpetuate the 
organization, I suppose you could, from time to time, enlarge your 
members by the admission of influential 'citizens interested 
in such matters. ****** 

"Our enterprise is not complete, for we propose to erect a Granite 
Lodge for Eevolutionary relics, as well as more statues for the 
grounds. If your orgination has an annual meeting, such an 
occasion would call to the notice of the people the services of the 
loyal men who were engaged in the struggle for the preservation 
of the Union ; and especially the merits of the great civil Leader 
under whose administration it was successful. Each anniversary 
would inspire gratitude for the past, and stimulate natriotism for 
the present and future. 

"Of course I have written this without knowing exactly the form 
of youx orginization, and do not know if my ideas are practical in 
your case. 

I remain, yours very truly, 

F. W. Lincoln." 

The following is from the address of Hon. Eobert C. Winthrop, 
President of the B. H. Monument Association at their annual 
meeting, June 17th, lh84. 

"It has sometimes been suggested that our Association has 
finished its work and might even be suffered to die out and dis- 
appear. And it is true that, in building up yonder massive Monu- 
ment, it long ago accomplished the primary object of its organi- 
zation. It might, indeed, have terminated its existence in triumph, 
when the thrilling tones of the same matchless voice which had 
been listened to with so much delight at the laying of the corner- 
stone, were heard again, in undiminished grandeur, when the cap- 
stone was brought forth with shoutings ! 

"But this Association had charged itself at the outset with 
something more than the erection of a granite obelisk. Not only 
was watch and ward to be kept over that structure and its sur- 
roundings, but the memory of the momentous struggle which it 
commemorates, and of the heroic officers and soldiers engaged in 
that struggle, was to be kept forever fresh and green ; and what- 
ever could contribute to the illustration of that opening scene of 
the American Revolution was to be gathered up and sacredly 
guarded for posterity. All this was contemplated and included in 
the original design of this Association ; and of such a design, in 
all its significance and fullness, and of the work which it involves, 
there can be no completion. 

"Nor can the Association which has assumed this special and 
sacred trust ever abandon it. It will assemble from year to year, 
in all time to come, as it has assembled to-day, to attest its obli- 



81 

gations and renew its pledges. From such obligations and pledges 
there can l)e no discharge, and I venture to say there will be no 
disposition to escape. * * * * * * 

And thus our Association nnist be counted, and must count it- 
self, as permanent and perpetual in its natm-e and design, and 
can only l)e dissolved, or sntiVred to die out, when our country 
shall cease to have a place among the nations of the, earth, and 
when American Liberty shall no longer enlighten the world." 



THE WASHINGTON MONUMENT, AT WASHINGTON, DIS- 
TRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

General George Washington, ex-President of the United States 
of America, died December 14. 1799. Upon the announcement of 
his death to the Congress of the United States, a joint resolution was 
passed to build a marble monument to his memory at the seat 
of the Federal Government. "From time to time the resolution 
wss revived in one house or the other for a long series of years, 
but always died the death of postponement." 

The failure of the National Legislature to carry out its own 
pledges led to the organization of a voluntary society in Septem- 
l)er, 1838, for the purpose of collecting funds and building a mon- 
ument to the memory of the Father of his country. It was styled 
the "Washington National Monument Society." I am not able 
say at what date the work was commenced, but twenty-two years 
after the organization of the Society the Monument had reached 
an altitude of about one hundred and eighty feet. The resources 
of the Society were so near exhausted that the work was sus- 
pended in 1855. In 1859 the Washington Monument Society was 
incorporated by Congress with nineteen members, of whom the 
President of the Ignited States is cx-ojficio President. The work 
lay dormant until 1880, when Congress took the matter in hand, 
appropriated funds, and for the last four years it has gone for- 
ward as rapidly as the nature of the case will admit. It is ex- 
pected that the finishing touches will be put on it during the 
present year — 1884. 

The Washington Monument has an interior spiral stairway from 
bottom to top. It has also an elevator run by steam for hoisting 
—10 



82 

materials, but whether it will or will not be retained for carrying 
visitors to the top, the writer is not advised. On the inside, 
stones with suitable inscriptions, from every State of our Union, 
and from nearly all the Nations of the world, are built in the 
walls, but its principal characteristic is its immense altitude, be- 
ing five hundred and fifty-five feet high, from ground nne to 
apex. Think of one hundred and ninety-one feet added to the 
dome of our State Capitol, and you have the height of the Wash- 
ington Monument. As there has not any record come down to us, 
of the height of the Tower of Babel, it may be safely said that the 
Washington Monument is the tallest structure ever known to have 
been erected by the hands of men. 

For twenty-live years, from 1855 to 1880, the Monument was 
closed to all, and a watchman kept in charge at fifty dollars per 
mpnth, to take care of the property and grounds. Since the com- 
mencement of the work on the shaft — in 1S80 — visitors have been 
permitted to ascend to the top, when in the discretion of the over- 
seer, there was no danger, and no inconvenience would result to 
the operations going on, the permits being issued by the engineer 
officer in charge of the construction. There has never been any 
charge for admittance. "Whether upon completion, after the 
'22d of February next, — 1885 — any fee will be taken for entrance 
and ascent by the steam elevator, is not determined. Should the 
United States government continue in charge, it would be hardly 
proper ; but if the management be referred to the present Advis- 
ory Board, — the Washington Monument Society, — there may be." 

From Hon. Horatio King, Secretary of the W^ashington Monu- 
ment Society, and his assistant, F. L. Harvey, I learn tbat there 
is not now any complete printed account of the Monument, that 
the facts are mainly contained in the records of the Monument 
Society, and scattered through the volumes of the "Annals of 
Congress," by Gales and Seaton. Much of this information has 
been collated, and is now in manuscript of many pages, and will 
be printed and issued soon after the Monument is completed. 



THE GARFIELD MONUMENT AT CLEVELAND, OHIO. 

Gen. James A. Garfield, President of the United States, was 
shot by an assassin, at Washington, D. C, July 2, 1881, and 
after suffering untold agonies until September 19th, died at 



88 

Ell^eron, New Jersey. Offers of contrihutions for the erection of 
a Monument to his memory came from many sources before his 
remains found a resting phice in Lake Yitnv Cemetery, at Cleve- 
land, Ohio. The Garfield National Monument Association was 
organized soon after, for the purpose of erecting a Monument to 
his memory. After collecting a considerable sum of money, prizes 
of $1,000, $750 and $500 were offered for the first, second and 
third best designs for a Monument. 

Before the trustees passed upon the designs, two expert archi- 
tects, Calvert Vaux, of New York, and Harry Van Brunt, of Boston, 
examined and studied the designs separately, and each without 
the knowledge of the other. Their judgments were concurrent as 
to the superiority of the design offered by Mr. George Keller, 
consequently the trustees awarded to Mr. George Keller, of Hart- 
ford, Conn., the first prize of $1,000; to C. F. and J. C. Schwein- 
furth, of Cleveland, Ohio, the second prize of $750; and to Moffit 
iV- Doyle, of New York City, the third prize of $500. 

"The Monument will be built after Keller's design, with some 
moditications introduced from the other two designs. Before 
putting his ideas into shape, Mr. Keller went over the ground 
where the Monument is to l)e built, and endeavored to conform it 
to the surroundings, at the same time typifying Garfield's char- 
acter, and adopted the tower form as Ijest suited to his purpose. 
It rises from broad terraces which are reached by spreading stairs, 
forming a dignified approach to the Monument. A projecting 
porch at the base of the tower contains a vestibule, on one side of 
which is placed the keeper's office, and on the other a room for a 
visitor's register and for the reception of relics. The vestibule 
leads into a round, vaulted cliaral)er, the stone dome-like roof of 
which is carried on eight granite columns, arranged in a circle 
around the scul])tured tomb, which occu])ies the center of the 
chamber. The capitals of columns and molded arches between 
are richly carved, the pavement is tiled in harmonious colors and 
designs, and the whole is lighted by richly mullioned windows, 
whicli throw a softened light on the tomb. An aisle outside of 
the columns surrounds the chamber, a side wall of which is deco- 
rated with niches for the reception of statues or vases of fiowers. 

"A spiral staircase of stone leads to the top of the tower, so 
constructed that in ascending the tower it winds around the tomb 
below. In making one revolution of the tower there are four 
riights of stairs, and a landing is provided at the foot of each 
flight, lighted by triple windows, from which a view of the land- 
scape can be obtained. At the toj) the spiral staircase opens on 
a gallery from which the surrounding country can be viewed. 



84 

On the outside of the Monument, above the portal, is a frieze of 
sculpture six feet in height, extending entirely around the base of 
the tower and within easy view from the ground. It is divided 
into panels containing bas-reliefs which represent in a graphic 
manner the career of Garfield as an educator, a soldier and states- 
man ; long and anxious waiting and watching of the world over 
his death-bed, and the remarkable funeral procession from 
Elberon to Cleveland. The remains of the President will be en- 
closed in a crypt below the level of the chamber, occupying space 
between two of the bays. 

"The designer suggested Ohio stone and buff-colered terra cotta 
for the construction of the Monument. The whole Monument 
can be built thoroughly for $150,000, The dimensions are not 
given, but from the plans the trustees estimated the base to be 
about fifty feet square and the Monument to be 225 feet in height, 
surmounted by a figure at the apex. A statue of Garfield, of a 
design not yet agreed upon, will be placed at the entrance to the 
vestibule. From the windows at the top of the Monument a 
magnificent view of the city and its suburbs can be obtained, and 
the birthplace of Gartield, eight miles away, can almost be seen." 

From a letter by Mr. J. H. Rhodes, Secretary of the Garfield 
National Monument Association, under date of Oct. 23, 1884, I 
make the following extract : 

"The present situation of the Garfield Monument is simply this : 
We have accepted the design of Mr. George Keller, of Hartford, 
Conn., of which I send you a photograph. As it is now too late 
in the season to begin work, and as Mr. Keller is anxious, before 
finally completing his drawings, to inspect the monuments of the 
old world, we have deferred letting any contract for building until 
the spring of 1885. Mr. Keller will leave this country next month, 
and return early enough in the spring to have the contracts let 
and the work begun so soon as it is advisable. * * * * 
The monev raised amounts, in all, with the interest accrued, to 
about $132,000." 

The following are the names of the officers and members of the 
Garfield National Monument Association : 

OFFICERS. 

Ex-Gov. Charles Foster, President. 
Ex-President, R. B. Hayes, Vice-President. 
Ex-Gov. A. B. Cornell, Vice-President. 
J. H. Rhodes, Secretary. 
National Bank of Commerce, Treasurer. 



85 



executive committee. 

Charles Foster, H. B. Payne, 

R. B. Hayes, Joseph Perkins, 

J. II. Wade. 



Charles Foster, 
R. B. Hayes, 
A. B. Cornell, 
J. H. Wade, 
H. B. Payne, 



trustees. 

Joseph Perkins, 
James G. Blaine, 
R. E. Withers, 
T. P. Handy, 
Dan p. Eells, 



John Hay, 
Enoch T. Carson, 
Amos Townsend, 
J. H. Rhodes, 
J. P. Robinson. 



It seems to be proper to close this publication with some infor- 
mation about the membership of the National Lincoln Monument 
Association. The column on the left contains the names of the 
original members of the Association, that on the right the present 
members. Names of deceased members are marked with a star, 
and the names of those chosen to fill the vacancies are in the 
colunm on the right, opposite the names of deceased ones. It 
will be seen that two vacancies by death have not been filled. 
The seats of Dennis and Melvin were declared vacant on account 
of then- removal, the first to Chicago and the latter to San Fran- 
cisco. If the removal of Judge Zane to Salt Lake City makes a 
vacancy, then there are three vacant seats in the Association. 



Executive 
Committee 



Gov. R. J. OuLESBY, President. 
*HoN. J. K. Dubois, Vice-President. 

Hon. J. II. Bevkriuoe, Treasurer. 

Hon. O. M. Hatcu, Secretary'. 

Hon. John T. Stuart. ) 

Col. John Williams, r 

Jacob Bunn. ' 

Hon. J. C. CoNKLiNG. 

Judge S. H. Tbkat. 
*Hon. Sharon Tyndale. 

Hon. Newton Bateman. 
♦Hon. O. H. Miner. 
"Hon. D. L. Phillips. 

T. J. Dennis. 

Dr. S. H. Melvin. 



Gov. J. R. Oglesby, President. 
Ex-Gov. S. M. CULLOM, Vice-President. 
Hon. J. H. Beveridge, Treasurer. 
Hon. O. M. Hatch, Secretary. 
Hon. John T. Stuart, ^ 
Col. John Williams, ' E.xecutive 
TT T /^ <-, ^ Committee. 

Hon. J. C. CoNKLiNG. ) 

Jacob Bunn. 
Judge S. H. Treat. 
Ex-GoA^ John M. Palmer. 
Hon. Newton Bateman. 



Judge C. S. Zane. 
Hon. Milton Hay. 



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